Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(33):44998-45008. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13897-4. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
Copper oxychloride gained great importance due to its broad-spectrum antifungal action to combat various fungal diseases of plants. However, excess quantity of cupric fungicides on plants causes enzymatic changes and toxic effects. Thus, the current study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper oxychloride on Allium cepa root cells. The root growth, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage were assessed through root growth inhibition, A. cepa ana-telophase, and alkaline comet assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding affinities of two copper oxychloride polymorphs (atacamite and paratacamite) on DNA. In root growth inhibition test, onion root length was statistically significantly decreased by changing the copper oxychloride concentration from lower (2.64±0.11 cm) to higher (0.92±0.12 cm). Concentration- and time-dependent decrease in MI was observed whereas increase in CAs such as disturbed ana-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, anaphase bridges, and DNA damage were caused by the copper oxychloride on A. cepa root cells. Molecular docking results revealed that the two main polymorphs of copper oxychloride (atacamite and paratacamite) bind selectively to G and C nucleotides on the B-DNA structure. It is concluded that the atacamite- and paratacamite-induced DNA damage may be through minor groove recognition and intercalation. Findings of the current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of copper oxychloride on A. cepa root cells. However, further studies should be carried out at the molecular level to reveal the cyto-genotoxic mechanism of action of copper oxychloride in detail.
由于其广谱抗真菌作用，可防治植物的各种真菌病害，氧化铜得到了极大的重视。然而，植物上铜杀菌剂的过量会引起酶的变化和毒性作用。因此，本研究旨在研究氧化铜对洋葱根尖细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。通过根生长抑制、洋葱根尖中期和碱性彗星试验评估了根尖生长、有丝分裂指数（MI）、染色体畸变（CAs）和 DNA 损伤。此外，还进行了分子对接，以评估两种氧化铜多晶型物（氯铜矿和羟氯铜矿）在 DNA 上的结合亲和力。在根生长抑制试验中，随着氧化铜浓度从低（2.64±0.11cm）到高（0.92±0.12cm）的变化，洋葱根长在统计学上显著降低。观察到 MI 呈浓度和时间依赖性降低，而 CAs 增加，如中期分裂紊乱、染色体滞后、粘性、后期桥和 DNA 损伤，这是由氧化铜对洋葱根尖细胞造成的。分子对接结果表明，氧化铜的两种主要多晶型物（氯铜矿和羟氯铜矿）选择性地结合到 B-DNA 结构上的 G 和 C 核苷酸。结论是，氯铜矿和羟氯铜矿诱导的 DNA 损伤可能是通过小沟识别和嵌入。本研究的结果表明，氧化铜对洋葱根尖细胞具有细胞毒性和遗传毒性。然而，应在分子水平上进一步进行研究，以详细揭示氧化铜的细胞遗传毒性作用机制。
