Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo City, Mozambique.
Center for International Health (CIH), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Munich, Germany.
J Glob Health. 2021 Mar 27;11:04021. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04021.
Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. NCDs are responsible for an increased number of deaths worldwide, including in developing countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth and adults in a peri-urban area of Maputo city, Mozambique, and to assess their social and behavioral determinants.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area in Maputo city. We measured BMI and interviewed 15-64-year-old inhabitants to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics using the STEPwise Approach methodology. A household wealth index was derived through Principal Component Analysis of various household assets and physical activity (PA) was measured using pedometers and accelerometers. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine associations between overweight/obesity and social and behavioral determinants.
Among a total of 931 participants, the prevalence of overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m) was 30.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 28.0, 33.9) and 12.6% (95% CI = 10.4, 14.7), respectively; one in every 10 youths and adults were underweight. Being female, older and living in a wealthier household were found to be significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Those with higher levels of education were found to have a reduced risk of being obese compared to those with no or lower levels of education. Behavioral risk factors (diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption and physical activity) did not significantly increase the risk of overweight and obesity.
Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in this peri-urban part of the Mozambican capital, where underweight is still present in youth and adults, confirming that the country is facing a double burden of malnutrition. Social determinants of health should be taken into consideration in the design and implementation of NCD prevention programs.
超重和肥胖是心血管疾病（CVD）、2 型糖尿病和某些癌症等非传染性疾病（NCD）的重要危险因素。NCD 导致全球死亡人数增加，包括发展中国家。我们旨在确定莫桑比克马普托市城郊地区青年和成年人超重和肥胖的流行率，并评估其社会和行为决定因素。
在马普托市的一个健康和人口监测系统（HDSS）区域进行了横断面研究。我们测量了 BMI，并使用 STEPwise 方法对 15-64 岁的居民进行了访谈，以评估社会人口统计学和行为特征。通过对各种家庭资产的主成分分析得出家庭财富指数，使用计步器和加速度计测量身体活动（PA）。进行单变量和多变量分析，以确定超重/肥胖与社会和行为决定因素之间的关联。
在总共 931 名参与者中，超重（BMI≥25kg/m）和肥胖（BMI≥30kg/m）的患病率分别为 30.9%（95%置信区间（CI）=28.0，33.9）和 12.6%（95% CI=10.4，14.7）；每 10 名青少年和成年人中就有 1 人体重不足。研究发现，女性、年龄较大和生活在较富裕家庭的人超重和肥胖的风险显著增加。与没有或较低教育水平的人相比，教育水平较高的人患肥胖症的风险较低。行为危险因素（饮食、饮酒和吸烟以及身体活动）并没有显著增加超重和肥胖的风险。
在莫桑比克首都的这个城郊地区，超重和肥胖非常普遍，青年和成年人仍然存在体重不足，这证实该国面临着双重营养失调负担。在设计和实施非传染性疾病预防计划时，应考虑健康的社会决定因素。
