State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85747, Garching, Germany.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2021 Apr 20;19(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00862-z.
Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are unique optical materials that emit afterglow luminescence after ceasing excitation. They exhibit unexpected advantages for in vivo optical imaging of tumors, such as autofluorescence-free, high sensitivity, high penetration depth, and multiple excitation sources (UV light, LED, NIR laser, X-ray, and radiopharmaceuticals). Besides, by incorporating other functional molecules, such as photosensitizers, photothermal agents, or therapeutic drugs, PLNPs are also widely used in persistent luminescence (PersL) imaging-guided tumor therapy. In this review, we first summarize the recent developments in the synthesis and surface functionalization of PLNPs, as well as their toxicity studies. We then discuss the in vivo PersL imaging and multimodal imaging from different excitation sources. Furthermore, we highlight PLNPs-based cancer theranostics applications, such as fluorescence-guided surgery, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, drug/gene delivery and combined therapy. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PLNPs in the research of translational medicine are also discussed.
持续发光纳米粒子（PLNPs）是一种独特的光学材料，在停止激发后会发出余晖发光。它们在肿瘤的体内光学成像方面表现出了意想不到的优势，例如无自发荧光、高灵敏度、高穿透深度和多种激发源（紫外光、LED、近红外激光、X 射线和放射性药物）。此外，通过结合其他功能分子，如光增敏剂、光热剂或治疗药物，PLNPs 也广泛应用于持续发光（PersL）成像引导的肿瘤治疗。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了 PLNPs 的合成和表面功能化以及它们的毒性研究的最新进展。然后我们讨论了来自不同激发源的体内 PersL 成像和多模态成像。此外，我们重点介绍了基于 PLNPs 的癌症治疗学应用，如荧光引导手术、光热治疗、光动力治疗、药物/基因递送和联合治疗。最后，我们还讨论了 PLNPs 在转化医学研究中的未来前景和挑战。
