Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, 37 Haneviim St, Jerusalem, 9101001 Israel.
Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, 37 Haneviim St, Jerusalem, 9101001 Israel.
J Optom. 2021 Oct-Dec;14(4):299-314. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.08.010. Epub 2021 Apr 18.
Interpupillary distance (IPD) is important in developmental anatomy, genetics, design of optical instrumentation, ocular diagnostics, and optical prescribing. IPD frequently is measured on different days, and by either automatic pupillometers (physiological measurement) or manual ruler (anatomical measurement). Therefore, there is importance in the agreement and inter-session repeatability of manual and automatic IPD measurements.
Monocular distance from the bridge of the nose and binocular distance and near binocular IPD were randomly measured, using a millimeter ruler and the Essilor Pupillon pupillometer. Gender effects were assessed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. Agreement was assessed using Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman (B&A) plots. Thirty additional participants were tested within 1-2 weeks to determine the inter-session repeatability.
The agreement study included 199 participants (mean age: 24.1 ± 5.0 range: 19-53, 58 male, 141 female) and the repeatability sub- study included 30 (mean age: 27.9 ± 4.5, range: 23-39, 6 male, 24 female). Males and females significantly differed in age (<2 year mean difference (md)) and IPD (monocular md: < 1 mm, binocular md: < 2 mm). Manual vs. automatic measurements were significantly different for all conditions (md: <1 mm for all) except for distance left eye male PD. There was no significant difference between the session for both methods.
Binocular and monocular manual and automatic measurements were significantly different statistically, but not clinically. Distance binocular IPD was approximately 3 mm wider than near IPD. Male binocular IPD was approximately 2 mm wider than the female IPD. Both methods had good inter-session repeatability.
瞳孔间距离（IPD）在发育解剖学、遗传学、光学仪器设计、眼部诊断和光学配镜方面都很重要。IPD 通常会在不同的日子进行测量，测量方法有自动瞳孔计（生理测量）和手动标尺（解剖学测量）。因此，手动和自动 IPD 测量之间的一致性和组内可重复性非常重要。
使用毫米标尺和 Essilor Pupillon 瞳孔计随机测量单眼从鼻梁到桥的距离、双眼距离和近双眼 IPD。分别使用 Wilcoxon 和 Mann-Whitney 检验评估性别效应。使用 Spearman 相关系数和 Bland-Altman（B&A）图评估一致性。另外 30 名参与者在 1-2 周内进行了测试，以确定组内可重复性。
一致性研究纳入了 199 名参与者（平均年龄：24.1±5.0 岁，范围：19-53 岁，58 名男性，141 名女性），重复性亚研究纳入了 30 名参与者（平均年龄：27.9±4.5 岁，范围：23-39 岁，6 名男性，24 名女性）。男性和女性在年龄（<2 岁平均差异（md））和 IPD（单眼 md：<1 毫米，双眼 md：<2 毫米）方面存在显著差异。除了左眼男性 PD 的距离外，手动与自动测量在所有条件下（md：所有条件均<1 毫米）均存在显著差异。两种方法在两次测试之间均无显著差异。
双眼和单眼手动和自动测量在统计学上存在显著差异，但在临床上没有差异。双眼远距 IPD 比近距 IPD 宽约 3 毫米。男性双眼 IPD 比女性 IPD 宽约 2 毫米。两种方法均具有良好的组内可重复性。
