National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Aug 15;283:117068. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117068. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Allergic diseases have been one of the leading causes of chronic disorders in the United States. Animal studies have suggested that exposures to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate could induce allergic inflammation. However, the associations have not been examined among general populations. Here, we investigated data of 7030 participants aged ≥6 years from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. Urinary levels of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate were measured by ion chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Information on allergic symptoms (hay fever, allergy, rash, sneeze, wheeze, eczema, and current asthma) was collected by questionnaire. Allergic sensitization was defined by a concentration ≥150 kU/L for total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. The associations were estimated using multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. A positive association was observed for urinary nitrate and eczema (p < 0.001 for the trend). Compared with quartile 1 (lowest quartile), the odds ratios of eczema with 95% confidence intervals [ORs (95% CIs)] from quartiles 2 to 4 were 1.72 (95% CI, 1.41, 2.09), 1.94 (1.53, 2.47) and 2.10 (1.49, 2.97) for urinary nitrate. In addition, urinary thiocyanate was positively related to sneeze (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.55; p = 0.015 for the trend). However, urinary perchlorate was not correlated with any allergic-related outcome. Additionally, the associations were different among subgroups in a four-level polytomous model. Thus, our results suggested that exposures to nitrate and thiocyanate may be associated with allergic symptoms. Further investigations are warranted to concentrate on the practical strategies to monitor exposure levels and the latent mechanisms of the relationship between exposure and allergy.
过敏疾病是美国慢性疾病的主要原因之一。动物研究表明，高氯酸盐、硝酸盐和硫氰酸盐的暴露会引起过敏炎症。然而，这些关联在一般人群中尚未得到研究。在这里，我们研究了来自 2005-2006 年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）的 7030 名年龄≥6 岁的参与者的数据。尿液中的高氯酸盐、硝酸盐和硫氰酸盐通过离子色谱法与电喷雾串联质谱法联合测量。通过问卷调查收集过敏症状（花粉症、过敏、皮疹、打喷嚏、喘息、湿疹和当前哮喘）的信息。过敏致敏定义为总免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）水平≥150 kU/L。使用多变量调整的逻辑回归模型估计关联。观察到尿液硝酸盐与湿疹呈正相关（趋势 P < 0.001）。与四分位 1（最低四分位）相比，四分位 2 至 4 的湿疹比值比（95%置信区间[ORs（95% CIs）]）分别为 1.72（95% CI，1.41，2.09）、1.94（1.53，2.47）和 2.10（1.49，2.97）。此外，尿液硫氰酸盐与打喷嚏呈正相关（OR：1.25，95% CI：1.01，1.55；趋势 P = 0.015）。然而，尿液高氯酸盐与任何过敏相关结果无关。此外，在四水平多项模型中，关联在亚组之间存在差异。因此，我们的结果表明，硝酸盐和硫氰酸盐的暴露可能与过敏症状有关。需要进一步的研究来集中关注监测暴露水平的实际策略和暴露与过敏之间的潜在机制。
