Ministry of Health, Primary Health Care, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Private Dental Practice, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020 Dec 1;21(12):1398-1403.
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a r ecent pandemic that is advancing at a r apid r ate. The future course of the disease includes severe r espiratory infection and also leads to death if unattended. Meticulous measures are necessary before attending any patient. The dental operatories and the clinic surroundings must be well sanitized so as to prevent the spread of pandemic.
This r eview discusses in brief about the pathophysiology and course of COVID-19. Further, we discussed in detail the management aspects of patients in periodontal perspective and the sanitization procedures required for the dental clinic.
The SARS coronavirus enters the human circulation via the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors which are also found on the oral mucosal surfaces. Furin and Cathepsin L are the pro-inflammatory molecules released during pathogenesis of periodontitis and mediate the molecular pathways that help the virus invade into the host. The clinic set-up should be modified to best suit the pandemic conditions. This includes the three phases, i.e., phase I: preparatory phase; phase II: implementation phase; and phase III: follow-up. The patient management is explained based on the emergency needs of the patient based on the recent AAP classification of periodontal diseases and conditions 2017 as emergency, urgent, and elective treatment needs which have been explained in detail.
It can be strongly concluded that there is direct relationship between oral health and systemic health. The treatment procedures and sanitization protocols must be definitely modified. Further consensus and systematic reviews help us arriving at a more standardized protocol.
This review would help clinicians modify the way they treat patients in the clinic and provide better services depending upon the emergency needs of the patient.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种正在迅速蔓延的新兴大流行病。该病的未来病程包括严重的呼吸道感染，如果不加以治疗还会导致死亡。在为任何患者治疗之前，都需要采取细致的措施。牙科诊室和诊所环境必须经过彻底消毒，以防止大流行的传播。
本篇综述简要讨论了 COVID-19 的病理生理学和病程。此外，我们详细讨论了牙周病角度下的患者管理方面以及牙科诊所所需的消毒程序。
SARS 冠状病毒通过血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）受体进入人体循环，口腔黏膜表面也存在 ACE 受体。弗林蛋白酶和组织蛋白酶 L 是在牙周病发病机制中释放的促炎分子，它们介导有助于病毒入侵宿主的分子途径。应根据大流行情况对诊所设置进行修改。这包括三个阶段，即：I 期：准备阶段；II 期：实施阶段；III 期：随访阶段。基于牙周病和状况的 2017 年 AAP 分类，根据患者的紧急需求对患者管理进行了说明，分为紧急、紧急和择期治疗需求，并详细解释了这些需求。
可以强有力地得出结论，口腔健康与全身健康之间存在直接关系。治疗程序和消毒方案必须进行明确修改。进一步的共识和系统评价有助于我们制定更标准化的方案。
本综述将帮助临床医生修改在诊所中治疗患者的方式，并根据患者的紧急需求提供更好的服务。
