Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 23;11(1):8837. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88164-0.
Microbes or parasites spread vector-borne diseases by mosquitoes without being affected themselves. Insecticides used in vector control produce a substantial problem for human health. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lawsonia inermis L. and were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, SEM with EDX, and XRD analysis. Green synthesized ZnO NPs were highly toxic against Anopheles stephensi, whose lethal concentrations values ranged from 5.494 ppm (I instar), 6.801 ppm (II instar), 9.336 ppm (III instar), 10.736 ppm (IV instar), and 12.710 ppm (pupae) in contrast to L. inermis treatment. The predation efficiency of the teleost fish Gambusia affinis and the copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against A. stephensi was not affected by exposure at sublethal doses of ZnO NPs. The predatory potency for G. affinis was 45 (I) and 25.83% (IV), copepod M. aspericornis was 40.66 (I) and 10.8% (IV) while in an ZnO NPs contaminated environment, the predation by the fish G. affinis was boosted to 71.33 and 34.25%, and predation of the copepod M. aspericornis was 60.35 and 16.75%, respectively. ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of several microbial pathogens including the bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and the fungi (Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus flavus), respectively. ZnO NPs decreased the cell viability of Hep-G2 with IC value of 21.63 µg/mL (R = 0.942; P < 0.001) while the concentration increased from 1.88 to 30 µg/mL. These outcomes support the use of L. inermis mediated ZnO NPs for mosquito control and drug development.
微生物或寄生虫通过蚊子传播媒介传播疾病而自身不受影响。用于媒介控制的杀虫剂对人类健康造成了重大问题。本研究使用罗勒（Lawsonia inermis L.）合成了氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs），并通过 UV-vis、FT-IR、SEM 与 EDX 和 XRD 分析进行了表征。绿色合成的 ZnO NPs 对致倦库蚊具有高毒性，其致死浓度值范围为 5.494 ppm（I 龄）、6.801 ppm（II 龄）、9.336 ppm（III 龄）、10.736 ppm（IV 龄）和 12.710 ppm（蛹），而罗勒处理组则没有。在亚致死剂量的 ZnO NPs 暴露下，热带鱼食蚊鱼（Gambusia affinis）和桡足类（Mesocyclops aspericornis）捕食致倦库蚊的效率不受影响。食蚊鱼的捕食能力为 45（I）和 25.83%（IV），桡足类的捕食能力为 40.66（I）和 10.8%（IV），而在 ZnO NPs 污染的环境中，鱼的捕食能力提高到 71.33 和 34.25%，桡足类的捕食能力提高到 60.35 和 16.75%。ZnO NPs 抑制了几种微生物病原体的生长，包括细菌（大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌）和真菌（链格孢菌和黄曲霉）。ZnO NPs 降低了 Hep-G2 细胞的活力，IC 值为 21.63 µg/mL（R = 0.942；P < 0.001），而浓度从 1.88 增加到 30 µg/mL。这些结果支持使用罗勒介导的 ZnO NPs 进行蚊子控制和药物开发。
