Sato Masamitsu, Kakui Yasutaka, Toya Mika
Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 8;9:660322. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660322. eCollection 2021.
Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast , revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.
减数分裂是真核生物中保守的一种特殊细胞分裂方式，专门用于产生配子。迄今为止，大量研究已经阐明了染色体的行为以及减数分裂事件是如何受到控制的。在过去几十年里，酵母对理解减数分裂的分子机制做出了重大贡献。最近，越来越多的证据开始勾勒出一幅全景图，显示染色体和微管相互影响：微管调节染色体，而染色体也调节微管行为。在这里，我们重点关注裂殖酵母遗传和细胞学研究的最新进展所带来的启示，揭示染色体、细胞骨架和细胞周期进程是如何组织的，特别是它们在有丝分裂和减数分裂中是如何分化的。这些研究表明，减数分裂经过精心设计，旨在完成两项任务：通过减数分裂特异性因子与一般因子的协同作用，实现遗传物质的忠实分离，并在后代中产生遗传多样性。
