Pados Britt Frisk
Nurs Womens Health. 2021 Jun;25(3):229-235. doi: 10.1016/j.nwh.2021.03.006. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Feeding difficulties are common in infants hospitalized in the NICU and can be a challenge to manage. The purpose of this article is to explain how and why the flow rate from the bottle nipple affects physiologic stability in infants and to describe the current evidence available on the flow rates of nipples used in the hospital and after discharge. Study results have indicated that flow rate varies widely among different types of nipples. Within the same type of nipple, there can be significant variability in flow from one nipple to another. Other factors, such as type of infant formula and thickening, also affect flow. Altering the flow rate of the bottle nipple is a relatively simple intervention that may support safe oral feeding.
喂养困难在入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的婴儿中很常见，且管理起来可能具有挑战性。本文旨在解释奶瓶奶嘴的流速如何以及为何会影响婴儿的生理稳定性，并描述目前有关医院使用的奶嘴流速以及出院后奶嘴流速的现有证据。研究结果表明，不同类型的奶嘴流速差异很大。在同一类型的奶嘴中，不同奶嘴之间的流速也可能存在显著差异。其他因素，如婴儿配方奶粉的类型和增稠情况，也会影响流速。改变奶瓶奶嘴的流速是一种相对简单的干预措施，可能有助于安全的经口喂养。
