Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 7;13(4):1214. doi: 10.3390/nu13041214.
Gut-brain signaling controls food intake and energy homeostasis, and its activity is thought to be dysregulated in obesity. We will explore new studies that suggest the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the upper gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in controlling gut-brain neurotransmission carried by the vagus nerve and the intake of palatable food and other reinforcers. A focus will be on studies that reveal both indirect and direct interactions between eCB signaling and vagal afferent neurons. These investigations identify () an indirect mechanism that controls nutrient-induced release of peptides from the gut epithelium that directly interact with corresponding receptors on vagal afferent neurons, and () a direct mechanism via interactions between eCBs and cannabinoid receptors expressed on vagal afferent neurons. Moreover, the impact of diet-induced obesity on these pathways will be considered.
肠道-大脑信号控制食物摄入和能量平衡，其活动被认为在肥胖中失调。我们将探讨新的研究，这些研究表明上消化道的内源性大麻素（eCB）系统在控制通过迷走神经传递的肠道-大脑神经递质和美味食物和其他强化物的摄入方面发挥着重要作用。重点将放在揭示 eCB 信号与迷走传入神经元之间的直接和间接相互作用的研究上。这些研究确定了（）一种间接机制，控制营养诱导的来自肠道上皮的肽的释放，这些肽直接与迷走传入神经元上相应的受体相互作用，以及（）一种通过迷走传入神经元上表达的 eCB 和大麻素受体之间相互作用的直接机制。此外，还将考虑饮食诱导的肥胖对这些途径的影响。
