State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Apr 6;13(4):624. doi: 10.3390/v13040624.
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which constitute the glycoprotein spikes expressed on the surface of influenza A and B viruses, are the most exposed parts of the virus and play critical roles in the viral lifecycle. As such, they make prominent targets for the immune response and antiviral drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors, particularly oseltamivir, constitute the most commonly used antivirals against influenza viruses, and they have proved their clinical utility against seasonal and emerging influenza viruses. However, the emergence of resistant strains remains a constant threat and consideration. Antivirals targeting the hemagglutinin protein are relatively new and have yet to gain global use but are proving to be effective additions to the antiviral repertoire, with a relatively high threshold for the emergence of resistance. Here we review antiviral drugs, both approved for clinical use and under investigation, that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the emergence of resistance to them.
血凝素和神经氨酸酶构成了甲型和乙型流感病毒表面表达的糖蛋白刺突，它们是病毒最暴露的部分，在病毒生命周期中起着关键作用。因此，它们成为免疫反应和抗病毒药物的主要目标。神经氨酸酶抑制剂，特别是奥司他韦，是目前最常用于治疗流感病毒的抗病毒药物，它们已被证明对季节性和新发流感病毒具有临床疗效。然而，耐药株的出现仍然是一个持续的威胁和考虑因素。针对血凝素蛋白的抗病毒药物相对较新，尚未在全球范围内使用，但已被证明是抗病毒药物库的有效补充，其耐药性的出现具有相对较高的阈值。在这里，我们综述了已批准临床使用和正在研究中的针对流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶蛋白的抗病毒药物，重点介绍它们的作用机制以及对它们产生耐药性的情况。
