Ayodele Olubunmi O, Adesina Adeyinka O, Pourianejad Sajedeh, Averitt Jared, Ignatova Tetyana
Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Apr 6;11(4):932. doi: 10.3390/nano11040932.
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria with highly sensitive biosensors is currently a research priority. Aptamer is a chemically derived recognition molecule capable of detecting and binding small molecules with high specificity and its fast preparation time, cost effectiveness, ease of modification, stability at high temperature and pH are some of the advantages it has over traditional detection methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Higher sensitivity and selectivity can further be achieved via coupling of aptamers with nanomaterials and these conjugates called "aptasensors" are receiving greater attention in early diagnosis and therapy. This review will highlight the selection protocol of aptamers based on Traditional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the various types of modified SELEX. We further identify both the advantages and drawbacks associated with the modified version of SELEX. Furthermore, we describe the current advances in aptasensor development and the quality of signal types, which are dependent on surface area and other specific properties of the selected nanomaterials, are also reviewed.
快速准确地诊断与医疗状况相关的各种生物标志物，包括使用高灵敏度生物传感器早期检测病毒和细菌，是当前的研究重点。适体是一种化学衍生的识别分子，能够以高特异性检测和结合小分子，其制备时间短、成本效益高、易于修饰、在高温和pH条件下稳定性好，这些都是它相对于传统检测方法（如高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）、聚合酶链反应（PCR））的一些优势。通过将适体与纳米材料偶联可以进一步提高灵敏度和选择性，这些被称为“适体传感器”的缀合物在早期诊断和治疗中受到越来越多的关注。本综述将重点介绍基于指数富集配体的传统系统进化（SELEX）的适体筛选方案以及各种类型的改良SELEX。我们还将确定与改良版SELEX相关的优缺点。此外，我们描述了适体传感器开发的当前进展，并对信号类型的质量进行了综述，信号类型取决于所选纳米材料的表面积和其他特定属性。
