Pernat Nadja, Kampen Helge, Jeschke Jonathan M, Werner Doreen
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Insects. 2021 Apr 21;12(5):374. doi: 10.3390/insects12050374.
Urbanization has been associated with a loss of overall biodiversity and a simultaneous increase in the abundance of a few species that thrive in urban habitats, such as highly adaptable mosquito vectors. To better understand how mosquito communities differ between levels of urbanization, we analyzed mosquito samples from inside private homes submitted to the citizen science project 'Mückenatlas'. Applying two urbanization indicators based on soil sealing and human population density, we compared species composition and diversity at, and preferences towards, different urbanization levels. Species composition between groups of lowest and highest levels of urbanization differed significantly, which was presumably caused by reduced species richness and the dominance of synanthropic mosquito species in urban areas. The genus was frequently submitted from areas with a low degree of urbanization, with a moderate degree, and and with a high degree of urbanization. Making use of citizen science data, this first study of indoor mosquito diversity in Germany demonstrated a simplification of communities with increasing urbanization. The dominance of vector-competent species in urban areas poses a potential risk of epidemics of mosquito-borne diseases that can only be contained by a permanent monitoring of mosquitoes and by acquiring a deeper knowledge about how anthropogenic activities affect vector ecology.
城市化与整体生物多样性的丧失以及少数能在城市栖息地繁衍生息的物种数量的同时增加有关，比如适应性很强的蚊虫媒介。为了更好地了解不同城市化水平下蚊虫群落的差异，我们分析了提交给公民科学项目“蚊虫地图”的私人住宅内的蚊虫样本。基于土壤封闭和人口密度应用两个城市化指标，我们比较了不同城市化水平下的物种组成、多样性以及对不同城市化水平的偏好。城市化水平最低和最高的组之间的物种组成有显著差异，这可能是由于物种丰富度降低以及城市地区喜人类蚊虫物种占主导地位所致。在城市化程度低的地区， 属的蚊虫样本经常被提交， 属在中等城市化程度地区较多， 属以及 属在城市化程度高的地区较多。利用公民科学数据，德国这项关于室内蚊虫多样性的首次研究表明，随着城市化程度的提高，群落会变得简单化。城市地区具有传播能力的物种占主导地位，这带来了蚊媒疾病流行的潜在风险，只有通过对蚊虫进行持续监测以及更深入了解人为活动如何影响病媒生态，才能控制这种风险。
