Federal Research Center, the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 42-44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Molecules. 2021 Apr 14;26(8):2260. doi: 10.3390/molecules26082260.
Cereal crops, such as oats and barley, possess a number of valuable properties that meet the requirements for functional diet components. This review summarized the available information about bioactive compounds of oat and barley grain. The results of studying the structure and physicochemical properties of the cell wall polysaccharides of barley and oat are presented. The main components of the flavonoids formation pathway are shown and data, concerning anthocyanins biosynthesis in various barley tissues, are discussed. Moreover, we analyzed the available information about structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in L. genome, including β-glucan biosynthesis genes in L species. However, there is not enough knowledge about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of β-glucans and corresponding enzymes and plant polyphenols. The review also covers contemporary studies about collections of oat and barley genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). This review intended to provide information on the processes of biosynthesis of biologically active compounds in cereals that will promote further researches devoted to transcription factors controlling expression of structural genes and their role in other physiological processes in higher plants. Found achievements will allow breeders to create new highly productive varieties with the desirable properties.
谷物作物，如燕麦和大麦，具有许多符合功能性饮食成分要求的有价值的特性。本文综述了燕麦和大麦谷物中生物活性化合物的现有信息。介绍了研究大麦和燕麦细胞壁多糖结构和物理化学性质的结果。展示了类黄酮形成途径的主要成分，并讨论了各种大麦组织中花青素生物合成的数据。此外，我们分析了关于 L. 基因组中花青素生物合成的结构和调节基因的现有信息，包括 L 物种中β-葡聚糖生物合成基因。然而，对于负责β-葡聚糖和相应酶以及植物多酚生物合成的基因，我们的了解还不够。本文还涵盖了 N.I. Vavilov 全俄植物遗传资源研究所（VIR）持有的燕麦和大麦遗传资源的当代研究。本文旨在提供关于谷物中生物活性化合物生物合成过程的信息，这将促进进一步研究转录因子对结构基因表达的控制及其在高等植物其他生理过程中的作用。已取得的成果将使育种者能够创造出具有理想特性的高产新品种。
