Zhang Ying, Mo Meizi, Yang Liu, Mi Fei, Cao Yang, Liu Chunli, Tang Xiaozhao, Wang Pengfei, Xu Jianping
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China.
School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Apr 17;7(4):310. doi: 10.3390/jof7040310.
Yunnan Province, China, is famous for its abundant wild edible mushroom diversity and a rich source of the world's wild mushroom trade markets. However, much remains unknown about the diversity of edible mushrooms, including the number of wild edible mushroom species and their distributions. In this study, we collected and analyzed 3585 mushroom samples from wild mushroom markets in 35 counties across Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019. Among these samples, we successfully obtained the DNA barcode sequences from 2198 samples. Sequence comparisons revealed that these 2198 samples likely belonged to 159 known species in 56 different genera, 31 families, 11 orders, 2 classes, and 2 phyla. Significantly, 51.13% of these samples had sequence similarities to known species at lower than 97%, likely representing new taxa. Further phylogenetic analyses on several common mushroom groups including 1536 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences suggested the existence of 20 new (cryptic) species in these groups. The extensive new and cryptic species diversity in wild mushroom markets in Yunnan calls for greater attention for the conservation and utilization of these resources. Our results on both the distinct barcode sequences and the distributions of these sequences should facilitate new mushroom species discovery and forensic authentication of high-valued mushrooms and contribute to the scientific inventory for the management of wild mushroom markets.
中国云南省以其丰富的野生可食用蘑菇多样性以及作为世界野生蘑菇贸易市场的丰富资源而闻名。然而，关于可食用蘑菇的多样性，包括野生可食用蘑菇物种的数量及其分布，仍有许多未知之处。在本研究中，我们收集并分析了2010年至2019年期间云南省35个县的野生蘑菇市场上的3585份蘑菇样本。在这些样本中，我们成功地从2198份样本中获得了DNA条形码序列。序列比较显示，这2198份样本可能属于56个不同属、31个科、11个目、2个纲和2个门中的159个已知物种。值得注意的是，这些样本中有51.13%与已知物种的序列相似性低于97%，可能代表新的分类群。对包括1536个内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列在内的几个常见蘑菇类群的进一步系统发育分析表明，这些类群中存在20个新的（隐存）物种。云南野生蘑菇市场中广泛存在的新物种和隐存物种多样性需要人们更加关注对这些资源的保护和利用。我们关于独特条形码序列及其分布的研究结果应有助于新蘑菇物种的发现以及对高价值蘑菇的法医鉴定，并有助于对野生蘑菇市场进行科学清查管理。
