Parcheta Monika, Świsłocka Renata, Orzechowska Sylwia, Akimowicz Monika, Choińska Renata, Lewandowski Włodzimierz
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Krakow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Apr 15;14(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/ma14081984.
Since the last few years, the growing interest in the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants as functional food ingredients and dietary supplements, is observed. The imbalance between the number of antioxidants and free radicals is the cause of oxidative damages of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aim of the study was the review of recent developments in antioxidants. One of the crucial issues in food technology, medicine, and biotechnology is the excess free radicals reduction to obtain healthy food. The major problem is receiving more effective antioxidants. The study aimed to analyze the properties of efficient antioxidants and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of antioxidant processes. Our researches and sparing literature data prove that the ligand antioxidant properties complexed by selected metals may significantly affect the free radical neutralization. According to our preliminary observation, this efficiency is improved mainly by the metals of high ion potential, e.g., Fe(III), Cr(III), Ln(III), Y(III). The complexes of delocalized electronic charge are better antioxidants. Experimental literature results of antioxidant assays, such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity power assay (FRAP), were compared to thermodynamic parameters obtained with computational methods. The mechanisms of free radicals creation were described based on the experimental literature data. Changes in HOMO energy distribution in phenolic acids with an increasing number of hydroxyl groups were observed. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are strongly dependent on the hydroxyl group position and the catechol moiety. The number of methoxy groups in the phenolic acid molecules influences antioxidant activity. The use of synchrotron techniques in the antioxidants electronic structure analysis was proposed.
在过去几年中，可以观察到人们对将天然和合成抗氧化剂用作功能性食品成分和膳食补充剂的兴趣日益浓厚。抗氧化剂数量与自由基数量之间的失衡是蛋白质、脂质和DNA发生氧化损伤的原因。本研究的目的是回顾抗氧化剂的最新进展。食品技术、医学和生物技术中的一个关键问题是减少过量自由基以获得健康食品。主要问题是获得更有效的抗氧化剂。该研究旨在分析高效抗氧化剂的特性，并更好地理解抗氧化过程的分子机制。我们的研究和有限的文献数据证明，与选定金属络合的配体抗氧化特性可能会显著影响自由基的中和。根据我们的初步观察，这种效率主要通过高离子势的金属提高，例如Fe(III)、Cr(III)、Ln(III)、Y(III)。离域电子电荷的络合物是更好的抗氧化剂。将抗氧化剂测定的实验文献结果，如二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）和铁还原抗氧化能力测定（FRAP），与通过计算方法获得的热力学参数进行了比较。基于实验文献数据描述了自由基产生的机制。观察到随着羟基数量增加，酚酸中最高占据分子轨道（HOMO）能量分布的变化。黄酮类化合物的抗氧化特性强烈依赖于羟基位置和儿茶酚部分。酚酸分子中甲氧基的数量影响抗氧化活性。提出了在抗氧化剂电子结构分析中使用同步加速器技术。
