De Simeis Davide, Serra Stefano
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Apr 22;10(5):483. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050483.
The discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 provided us with access to a new class of compounds useful at fighting bacterial infections: antibiotics. Ever since, a number of studies were carried out to find new molecules with the same activity. Microorganisms belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, the , were the most important sources of antibiotics. Bioactive compounds isolated from this order were also an important inspiration reservoir for pharmaceutical chemists who realized the synthesis of new molecules with antibiotic activity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic resistance is currently one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development. The world urgently needs to adopt measures to reduce this risk by finding new antibiotics and changing the way they are used. In this review, we describe the primary role of in the history of antibiotics. Antibiotics produced by these microorganisms, their bioactivities, and how their chemical structures have inspired generations of scientists working in the synthesis of new drugs are described thoroughly.
1928年亚历山大·弗莱明爵士发现青霉素，为我们提供了一类可用于对抗细菌感染的新型化合物：抗生素。从那时起，人们进行了大量研究以寻找具有相同活性的新分子。属于放线菌门的微生物是最重要的抗生素来源。从这个目分离出的生物活性化合物也是药物化学家的重要灵感来源，他们实现了具有抗生素活性的新分子的合成。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的说法，抗生素耐药性目前是对全球健康、粮食安全和发展的最大威胁之一。世界迫切需要采取措施，通过寻找新抗生素和改变其使用方式来降低这种风险。在这篇综述中，我们描述了[此处原文缺失相关内容]在抗生素历史中的主要作用。详细描述了这些微生物产生的抗生素、它们的生物活性，以及它们的化学结构如何启发了一代又一代从事新药合成的科学家。
