Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy.
Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 24;13(5):1450. doi: 10.3390/nu13051450.
Pediatric obesity remains a challenge in modern society. Recently, research has focused on the role of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target of intervention. In this review, we revised preclinical and clinical works on factors that may promote BAT or browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) from fetal age to adolescence. Maternal lifestyle, type of breastfeeding and healthy microbiota can affect the thermogenic activity of BAT. Environmental factors such as exposure to cold or physical activity also play a role in promoting and activating BAT. Most of the evidence is preclinical, although in clinic there is some evidence on the role of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) supplementation on BAT activation. Clinical studies are needed to dissect the early factors and their modulation to allow proper BAT development and functions and to prevent onset of childhood obesity.
儿科肥胖仍然是现代社会的一个挑战。最近，研究的重点是棕色脂肪组织（BAT）作为干预的潜在靶点。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了从胎儿期到青春期可能促进 BAT 或白色脂肪组织（WAT）褐变的因素的临床前和临床研究。母亲的生活方式、母乳喂养类型和健康的微生物群可能会影响 BAT 的产热活性。环境因素，如暴露于寒冷或体育活动，也在促进和激活 BAT 方面发挥作用。虽然在临床方面有一些关于ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（EPA 和 DHA）补充对 BAT 激活作用的证据，但大多数证据是临床前的。需要进行临床研究来剖析早期因素及其调控，以允许适当的 BAT 发育和功能，并预防儿童肥胖的发生。
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