Galler Herbert, Luxner Josefa, Petternel Christian, Reinthaler Franz F, Habib Juliana, Haas Doris, Kittinger Clemens, Pless Peter, Feierl Gebhard, Zarfel Gernot
D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology, Klinikum-Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Feschnigstraße 11, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Apr 20;10(4):466. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10040466.
In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing , methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine ( = 71) and broiler ( = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by from swine ( = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers ( = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.
近年来，对人类健康有影响的抗生素耐药菌，如含超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的细菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE），在食品中变得更为常见。这是由于畜牧业中使用抗生素，导致抗生素耐药性增加，从而也使食品成为此类耐药菌的来源。大多数关于这个问题的研究通常集中在动物或加工食品上，以检测抗生素耐药菌。本研究调查了肠道作为除皮肤外多耐药菌的另一个主要栖息地。为此，在屠宰过程中直接从猪（n = 71）和肉鸡（n = 100）的肠道采集粪便样本并进行分析。所有样本均来自在奥地利饲养并在奥地利屠宰场屠宰以供食品生产的动物。对样本检测产ESBL肠杆菌科细菌、MRSA、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCoNS）和VRE的存在情况。通过PCR检测并测序分离细菌的耐药基因。在10%的肉鸡样本（100个样本中的10个）和43.6%的猪样本（71个样本中的31个）中可分离出表型产ESBL的细菌。与之前的研究一致，本研究结果表明，CTX-M-1是猪源产ESBL细菌产生的主要ESBL（n = 25，83.3%），而SHV-12是肉鸡源产ESBL细菌产生的主要ESBL（n = 13，81.3%）。总体而言，多耐药菌阳性样本的频率低于大多数关注肉类产品的类似研究。
