Kadnikov Vitaly V, Mardanov Andrey V, Beletsky Alexey V, Grigoriev Mikhail A, Karnachuk Olga V, Ravin Nikolai V
Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 28;9(5):948. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9050948.
Thermal ecosystems associated with areas of underground burning coal seams are rare and poorly understood in comparison with geothermal objects. We studied the microbial communities associated with gas vents from the coal-fire in the mining wastes in the Kemerovo region of the Russian Federation. The temperature of the ground heated by the hot coal gases and steam coming out to the surface was 58 °C. Analysis of the composition of microbial communities revealed the dominance of (the phylum Chloroflexi), known to be capable of oxidizing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Thermophilic hydrogenotrophic Firmicutes constituted a minor part of the community. Among the well-known thermophiles, members of the phyla Aquificae, Deinococcus-Thermus and Bacteroidetes were also found. In the upper ground layer, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, as well as Proteobacteria of the alpha and gamma classes, typical of soils, were detected; their relative abundancies decreased with depth. The phylum Verrucomicrobia was dominated by Udaeobacter, aerobic heterotrophs capable of generating energy through the oxidation of hydrogen present in the atmosphere in trace amounts. Archaea made up a small part of the communities and were represented by thermophilic ammonium-oxidizers. Overall, the community was dominated by bacteria, whose cultivated relatives are able to obtain energy through the oxidation of the main components of coal gases, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, under aerobic conditions.
与地下煤层燃烧区域相关的热生态系统较为罕见，与地热对象相比，人们对其了解甚少。我们研究了俄罗斯联邦克麦罗沃地区采矿废弃物中煤火产生的气体排放口相关的微生物群落。被热煤气和蒸汽加热至地表的地面温度为58°C。微生物群落组成分析表明，能氧化氢气和一氧化碳的绿弯菌门占主导地位。嗜热氢营养型厚壁菌门在群落中占比很小。在已知的嗜热菌中，还发现了产水菌门、嗜热放线菌门和拟杆菌门的成员。在上层土壤层中，检测到了酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、放线菌门、浮霉菌门以及典型的土壤α和γ变形菌纲；它们的相对丰度随深度降低。疣微菌门以Udaeobacter为主，它是需氧异养菌，能够通过氧化大气中微量存在的氢气来产生能量。古菌在群落中占比很小，以嗜热铵氧化菌为代表。总体而言，该群落以细菌为主，其培养的亲缘种能够在有氧条件下通过氧化煤气的主要成分氢气和一氧化碳来获取能量。
