Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Community Interventions Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 26;18(9):4571. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094571.
During pregnancy, vitamin D requirements are higher due to fetal growth and development. Vitamin D production occurs mainly through sunlight exposure, which is affected by geographic location and lifestyle factors.
This was a case-control study nested within two cohorts of adult pregnant women ( = 298): urban (Mexico City) and rural (Cuetzalan). To reduce confounding, pairs were selected by age, pregestational body mass index, and pregnancy trimester. Generalized linear models were used to assess the two groups according to their vitamin D status.
A total of 298 adult women were studied: 149 from a rural area and 149 from an urban area. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were observed in 28% and 38.2% of women, respectively. A trend for higher 25(OH)D concentrations was observed in women from the rural area (27.5 ng/mL vs. 25.8 ng/mL), probably related to the type of job, where women with partial jobs showing less probability of having vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.26; CI = 0.06-1.16; = 0.08) and vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 0.24; CI = 0.06-0.99; = 0.05). Women whose Last Menstrual Period occurred in spring showed lower vitamin D concentration compared to those whose LMP occurred in winter ( < 0.01).
A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in both rural and urban areas. Women living in rural areas tended to have higher 25(OH)D concentrations, probably related to more sunlight exposure associated with their type of job.
怀孕期间，由于胎儿的生长和发育，维生素 D 的需求会增加。维生素 D 的产生主要通过阳光照射，而这又受到地理位置和生活方式因素的影响。
这是一项嵌套在两个成年孕妇队列（= 298 人）中的病例对照研究：城市（墨西哥城）和农村（Cuetzalan）。为了减少混杂因素，通过年龄、孕前体重指数和妊娠 trimester 对配对进行选择。使用广义线性模型根据维生素 D 状况评估两组。
共研究了 298 名成年女性：149 名来自农村地区，149 名来自城市地区。分别有 28%和 38.2%的女性存在维生素 D 缺乏和不足。农村地区女性的 25(OH)D 浓度呈上升趋势（27.5ng/mL 与 25.8ng/mL），这可能与工作类型有关，其中从事部分工作的女性维生素 D 缺乏（OR = 0.26；CI = 0.06-1.16； = 0.08）和不足（OR = 0.24；CI = 0.06-0.99； = 0.05）的可能性较小。末次月经在春季的女性维生素 D 浓度低于末次月经在冬季的女性（<0.01）。
城乡地区均存在较高的维生素 D 缺乏率。居住在农村地区的女性 25(OH)D 浓度较高，可能与与工作类型相关的更多阳光暴露有关。
