Behrendorff James B Y H
Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 15;12:649273. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649273. eCollection 2021.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes, or P450s, are haem monooxygenases renowned for their ability to insert one atom from molecular oxygen into an exceptionally broad range of substrates while reducing the other atom to water. However, some substrates including many organohalide and nitro compounds present little or no opportunity for oxidation. Under hypoxic conditions P450s can perform reductive reactions, contributing electrons to drive reductive elimination reactions. P450s can catalyse dehalogenation and denitration of a range of environmentally persistent pollutants including halogenated hydrocarbons and nitroamine explosives. P450-mediated reductive dehalogenations were first discovered in the context of human pharmacology but have since been observed in a variety of organisms. Additionally, P450-mediated reductive denitration of synthetic explosives has been discovered in bacteria that inhabit contaminated soils. This review will examine the distribution of P450-mediated reductive dehalogenations and denitrations in nature and discuss synthetic biology approaches to developing P450-based reagents for bioremediation.
细胞色素P450酶，即P450s，是血红素单加氧酶，以其能够将分子氧中的一个原子插入范围异常广泛的底物中，同时将另一个原子还原为水的能力而闻名。然而，包括许多有机卤化物和硝基化合物在内的一些底物很少或根本没有氧化的机会。在缺氧条件下，P450s可以进行还原反应，提供电子以驱动还原消除反应。P450s可以催化一系列环境持久性污染物的脱卤和脱硝反应，包括卤代烃和硝基胺炸药。P450介导的还原脱卤反应最初是在人类药理学背景下发现的，但此后在多种生物体中都有观察到。此外，在受污染土壤中的细菌中发现了P450介导的合成炸药还原脱硝反应。本综述将研究P450介导的还原脱卤和脱硝反应在自然界中的分布，并讨论开发基于P450的生物修复试剂的合成生物学方法。
