Danilenko Daria M, Komissarov Andrey B, Fadeev Artem V, Bakaev Mikhail I, Ivanova Anna A, Petrova Polina A, Vassilieva Anastasia D, Komissarova Kseniya S, Zheltukhina Alyona I, Konovalova Nadezhda I, Vasin Andrey V
WHO-Recognized National Influenza Centre (NIC), Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 15;12:662028. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662028. eCollection 2021.
Pigs have long been recognized as "mixing vessels" in which new viruses are formed by reassortment involving various influenza virus lineages (avian, animal, human). However, surveillance of swine influenza viruses only gained real significance after the 2009 pandemic. A fundamentally important point is the fact that there is still no regular surveillance of swine flu in Russia, and the role of swine viruses is underestimated since, as a rule, they do not cause serious disease in animals. Since the pig population in Russia is large, it is obvious that the lack of monitoring and insufficient study of swine influenza evolution constitutes a gap in animal influenza surveillance, not only for Russia, but globally. A 6 year joint effort enabled identification of SIV subtypes that circulate in the pig population of Russia's European geographic region. The swine influenza viruses isolated were antigenically and genetically diverse. Some were similar to human influenza viruses of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) subtype, while others were reassortant A(H1pdm09N2) and A(H1avN2) and were antigenically distinct from human H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 strains. Analysis of swine serum samples collected throughout the seasons showed that the number of sera positive for influenza viruses has increased in recent years. This indicates that swine populations are highly susceptible to infection with human influenza viruses. It also stresses the need for regular SIV surveillance, monitoring of viral evolution, and strengthening of pandemic preparedness.
长期以来，猪一直被视为“混合容器”，在其中，各种流感病毒谱系（禽类、动物、人类）通过重配形成新病毒。然而，直到2009年大流行之后，猪流感病毒监测才真正具有重要意义。一个至关重要的事实是，俄罗斯仍未对猪流感进行常规监测，而且猪病毒的作用被低估了，因为通常情况下它们不会在动物中引发严重疾病。鉴于俄罗斯猪的数量众多，显然缺乏对猪流感演变的监测和充分研究不仅在俄罗斯，而且在全球范围内都构成了动物流感监测方面的一个缺口。经过6年的共同努力，确定了在俄罗斯欧洲地理区域猪群中传播的猪流感病毒亚型。分离出的猪流感病毒在抗原性和基因上具有多样性。一些与A(H1N1)pdm09和A(H3N2)亚型的人类流感病毒相似，而其他的是重配的A(H1pdm09N2)和A(H1avN2)，并且在抗原性上与人类H1N1和H1N1pdm09毒株不同。对全年采集的猪血清样本进行分析表明，近年来流感病毒血清阳性数量有所增加。这表明猪群对人类流感病毒感染高度易感。这也强调了对猪流感病毒进行常规监测、监测病毒演变以及加强大流行防范的必要性。
