Milner Allison, Kavanagh Anne, Scovelle Anna J, O'Neil Adrienne, Kalb Guyonne, Hewitt Belinda, King Tania L
Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2021 Apr 27;2(1):113-123. doi: 10.1089/whr.2020.0114. eCollection 2021.
Gender equality is recognized as an important political, social, and economic goal in many countries around the world. At a country level, there is evidence that gender equality may have an important influence on health. Historically gender equality has mainly been measured to allow for between-country, rather than within-country comparisons; and the association between gender equality and health outcomes within countries has been under-researched. This article thus aimed to systematically review within-country indicators of gender equality in public health studies and assess the extent to which these are related to health outcomes. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach with two independent reviewers. Data from the eight included studies revealed that there was heterogeneity in the way gender equality has been measured as a multidimensional construct. Associations between gender equality and a number of different health outcomes were apparent, including mortality, mental health, morbidity, alcohol consumption, and intimate partner violence, with gender equality mostly associated with better health outcomes. Further investigation into the effects of gender equality on health outcomes, including a clear conceptualization of terms, is critical for the development of policies and programs regarding gender equality.
性别平等在世界许多国家都被视为一项重要的政治、社会和经济目标。在国家层面，有证据表明性别平等可能对健康产生重要影响。从历史上看，衡量性别平等主要是为了进行国家间而非国家内部的比较；而且国家内部性别平等与健康结果之间的关联研究较少。因此，本文旨在系统回顾公共卫生研究中有关国家内部性别平等的指标，并评估这些指标与健康结果的相关程度。我们采用系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法，由两名独立评审员进行评审。纳入的八项研究的数据显示，作为一个多维结构，衡量性别平等的方式存在异质性。性别平等与一些不同的健康结果之间存在明显关联，包括死亡率、心理健康、发病率、酒精消费和亲密伴侣暴力，性别平等大多与更好的健康结果相关。进一步研究性别平等对健康结果的影响，包括对相关术语进行清晰的概念界定，对于制定有关性别平等的政策和项目至关重要。
