Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
Viruses. 2021 Apr 29;13(5):800. doi: 10.3390/v13050800.
Viruses are infectious agents that hijack the host cell machinery in order to replicate and generate progeny. Viral infection is initiated by attachment to host cell receptors, and typical viral receptors are cell-surface-borne molecules such as proteins or glycan structures. Sialylated glycans (glycans bearing sialic acids) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) represent major classes of carbohydrate receptors and have been implicated in facilitating viral entry for many viruses. As interactions between viruses and sialic acids have been extensively reviewed in the past, this review provides an overview of the current state of structural knowledge about interactions between non-enveloped human viruses and GAGs. We focus here on adeno-associated viruses, human papilloma viruses (HPVs), and polyomaviruses, as at least some structural information about the interactions of these viruses with GAGs is available. We also discuss the multivalent potential for GAG binding, highlighting the importance of charged interactions and positively charged amino acids at the binding sites, and point out challenges that remain in the field.
病毒是劫持宿主细胞机制进行复制并产生后代的感染性因子。病毒感染是通过与宿主细胞受体的附着开始的，典型的病毒受体是位于细胞表面的分子，如蛋白质或糖链结构。唾液酸化糖链（带有唾液酸的糖链）和糖胺聚糖（GAGs）是碳水化合物受体的主要类别，许多病毒的进入都涉及到它们。由于过去已经对病毒与唾液酸之间的相互作用进行了广泛的综述，因此本综述概述了目前关于无包膜人类病毒与 GAG 之间相互作用的结构知识的现状。我们在这里重点介绍腺相关病毒、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）和多瘤病毒，因为至少有一些关于这些病毒与 GAG 相互作用的结构信息是可用的。我们还讨论了 GAG 结合的多价潜力，强调了电荷相互作用和结合部位带正电荷的氨基酸的重要性，并指出了该领域仍然存在的挑战。
