School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 29;13(5):1509. doi: 10.3390/nu13051509.
Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows' milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants' milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows' milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.
全脂牛奶是所有营养物质的良好来源，它还含有足够数量的维生素，可促进新生儿的正常生长。由于乳清蛋白和β-乳球蛋白含量较高，奶牛奶会引起 12 个月以下婴儿过敏。在这种情况下，驴奶可以作为患有牛奶蛋白过敏（CMPA）的儿童的乳制品的良好替代品，因为其化学成分与母乳接近，主要是因为其蛋白质和矿物质含量低。哺乳动物物种之间的牛奶维生素含量差异很大，并且与母亲接受的维生素状况和饮食严格相关。与反刍动物奶相比，驴奶中的脂溶性维生素含量平均较低，而驴奶中的维生素 C 含量比牛奶高，与母乳非常相似。与母乳相比，驴奶中的维生素 B 复合物（如硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、吡哆醇和叶酸）的含量更高。驴奶作为一种新型功能性食品的使用必须在涉及儿科医生、营养师和食品科学家的跨学科临床试验中进一步评估，以加深对驴奶对不同敏感人群（特别是儿童和老年人）的积极健康影响的了解。
