Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
PLoS One. 2021 May 10;16(5):e0251377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251377. eCollection 2021.
Increasing coffee intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in Western countries. However, in China where coffee consumption and diabetes population has been growing fast in recent years, studies on the impact of coffee intakes on the onset of type 2 diabetes are lacking. This study attempts to determine the associations between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults.
This longitudinal study analyzed 10447 adults who had participated in at least two rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is a survey database of multistage, random cluster process during 1993-2011. Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes incidence were measured in the survey. Body mass index (BMI), age, sex, place of residence, waves, education level, smoking, drinking alcohol and tea drinking frequency were adjusted as covariate. We used longitudinal fixed effects regression models to assess changes within person.
After adjusting confounding factors, lower risk of diabetes is observed among Chinese adults who drink coffee occasionally (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.34) and drink almost every day (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.83), compared with those who do not or hardly drink. In the subgroup analysis, among women aged 45-59 who drink coffee one to three times a week (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.52) and men over 60 who drink coffee almost every day (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.53), protective effects were found. For young men aged 19-29, drinking coffee almost every day showed a risk effect (AOR = 20.21, 95% CI = 5.96-68.57).
Coffee drinking habit is an independent protective factor for adult on type 2 diabetes in China. And it varies among people with different ages and genders. The rapid growth of coffee consumption in China in recent years may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, but at the same time, the risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents needs attention.
在西方国家，增加咖啡摄入量与 2 型糖尿病风险呈负相关。然而，在中国，近年来咖啡消费和糖尿病患者人数迅速增长，关于咖啡摄入量对 2 型糖尿病发病影响的研究还很缺乏。本研究旨在确定中国成年人中咖啡摄入与 2 型糖尿病之间的关联。
本纵向研究分析了至少参加过两轮中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）的 10447 名成年人，该调查是 1993-2011 年期间多阶段、随机聚类过程的调查数据库。在调查中测量了咖啡的摄入量和 2 型糖尿病的发病率。体重指数（BMI）、年龄、性别、居住地、波次、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒和饮茶频率作为协变量进行调整。我们使用纵向固定效应回归模型评估个体内的变化。
在调整混杂因素后，与不喝咖啡或很少喝咖啡的成年人相比，偶尔喝咖啡（调整后的优势比（AOR）=0.13，95%置信区间（CI）=0.05，0.34）和几乎每天喝咖啡（AOR=0.61，95%CI=0.45，0.83）的成年人患糖尿病的风险较低。在亚组分析中，对于每周饮用咖啡 1-3 次的 45-59 岁女性（AOR=0.21，95%CI=0.08，0.52）和几乎每天喝咖啡的 60 岁以上男性（AOR=0.19，95%CI=0.07，0.53），发现了保护作用。对于 19-29 岁的年轻男性，几乎每天喝咖啡显示出风险效应（AOR=20.21，95%CI=5.96-68.57）。
喝咖啡习惯是中国成年人 2 型糖尿病的独立保护因素。并且在不同年龄和性别的人群中有所不同。近年来中国咖啡消费的快速增长可能有助于降低 2 型糖尿病的风险，但同时也需要关注青少年 2 型糖尿病的风险。
