College of Chemistry and College of Plant Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Mar 3;8(9):2004525. doi: 10.1002/advs.202004525. eCollection 2021 May.
Agricultural chemicals have been widely utilized to manage pests, weeds, and plant pathogens for maximizing crop yields. However, the excessive use of these organic substances to compensate their instability in the environment has caused severe environmental consequences, threatened human health, and consumed enormous economic costs. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of these agricultural chemicals, one strategy that attracted researchers is to design novel eco-friendly nanoplatforms. To date, numerous advanced nanoplatforms with functional components have been applied in the agricultural field, such as silica-based materials for pesticides delivery, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles for pesticides/mycotoxins detection, and carbon nanoparticles for fertilizers delivery. In this review, the synthesis, applications, and mechanisms of recent eco-friendly nanoplatforms in the agricultural field, including pesticides and mycotoxins on-site detection, phytopathogen inactivation, pest control, and crops growth regulation for guaranteeing food security, enhancing the utilization efficiency of agricultural chemicals and increasing crop yields are highlighted. The review also stimulates new thinking for improving the existing agricultural technologies, protecting crops from biotic and abiotic stress, alleviating the global food crisis, and ensuring food security. In addition, the challenges to overcome the constrained applications of functional nanoplatforms in the agricultural field are also discussed.
农用化学品被广泛用于管理害虫、杂草和植物病原体，以最大限度地提高作物产量。然而，为了弥补这些有机物质在环境中的不稳定性，过度使用它们已经造成了严重的环境后果，威胁到人类健康，并消耗了巨大的经济成本。为了提高这些农用化学品的利用效率，一种吸引研究人员的策略是设计新型环保纳米平台。迄今为止，许多具有功能组件的先进纳米平台已应用于农业领域，例如用于农药输送的基于硅的材料、用于农药/真菌毒素检测的金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒以及用于肥料输送的碳纳米颗粒。在这篇综述中，重点介绍了最近环保纳米平台在农业领域的应用，包括农药和真菌毒素的现场检测、植物病原体失活、害虫防治以及作物生长调节，以保障食品安全、提高农用化学品的利用效率和增加作物产量。该综述还为改进现有的农业技术、保护作物免受生物和非生物胁迫、缓解全球粮食危机和确保食品安全提供了新的思路。此外，还讨论了克服功能纳米平台在农业领域应用受限的挑战。
