Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3M2.
Department of Pediatrics and Wilson Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3M2.
Int J Pharm Pract. 2021 Aug 11;29(4):299-307. doi: 10.1093/ijpp/riab020.
The objectives of this scoping review were to (a) explore how pharmacists perceive their professional roles and identities and (b) describe factors impacting which professional roles or identities pharmacists embody in different pharmacy practice settings.
A scoping review using a deductive approach was undertaken for this study. Systematic searches were conducted in five databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and Scopus (Elsevier). Key words searched included pharmacist, identity, professional role and one variations of these. Results were double-blind screened for relevance by two authors. Data extraction was facilitated by the web-based software platform COVIDENCE. Foucauldian critical discourse analysis was used to deconstruct how pharmacists perceive their professional roles and identities.
In total, 21 701 articles were retrieved in the search. Following de-duplication and screening, 23 studies from 11 different countries were included. Five major identity themes were identified: Clinician, Dispenser, Business Person, Patient Counsellor and Physician Supporter. The dispenser identity was the most widespread, but it was viewed by many pharmacists as undesirable. The clinician identity also had a strong presence but was viewed as an identity that pharmacists aspire to embody.
This scoping review illustrates that pharmacists do not uniformly perceive themselves to be clinicians. A significant gap exists between the profession's desired identity and that embodied by practicing pharmacists. The resulting dissonance may be a contributing factor to the lack of wide-scale practice change that the profession has been seeking for decades.
本范围综述的目的是：(a)探讨药剂师如何看待自己的专业角色和身份；(b)描述影响药剂师在不同药学实践环境中体现哪些专业角色或身份的因素。
本研究采用演绎法进行范围综述。在五个数据库中进行了系统检索：Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid EMBASE、Ovid PsycINFO、EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health 和 Scopus（Elsevier）。搜索的关键词包括药剂师、身份、专业角色和这些词的变体。两名作者对相关性进行了双盲筛选。通过基于网络的软件平台 COVIDENCE 方便了数据提取。福柯式批判话语分析用于解构药剂师如何看待自己的专业角色和身份。
在搜索中总共检索到 21701 篇文章。经过去重和筛选，从 11 个不同的国家共纳入 23 项研究。确定了 5 个主要的身份主题：临床医生、发药员、商人、患者顾问和医生支持者。发药员身份最为普遍，但许多药剂师认为这种身份不理想。临床医生的身份也有很强的存在感，但被视为药剂师渴望体现的身份。
本范围综述表明，药剂师并不一致地认为自己是临床医生。该专业的理想身份与执业药剂师所体现的身份之间存在显著差距。这种不和谐可能是该行业几十年来一直寻求但未能实现广泛实践变革的一个促成因素。
