McLean Mairi-Anne, Forsyth Paul, Dunlop Emma, Boyter Anne C
Pharmacy Services NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Clarkston Court, 56 Busby Road, Clarkston, Glasgow, G76 7AT, Scotland, UK.
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2025 Apr 16. doi: 10.1007/s11096-025-01909-z.
Globally, health professionals are advancing roles to meet growing healthcare demands. Pharmacists are increasingly required to deliver autonomous, holistic, highly complex advanced care. Preceptorship could be used more widely to support delivery of advanced pharmaceutical care.
The aim of this study was to formulate statements describing features of preceptorship programmes, and to measure consensus in the Scottish pharmacy workforce on the applicability of these statements to an advanced pharmacist preceptorship programme.
Phase 1-formulation of statements relating to key features of healthcare preceptorship programmes through literature review and author expertise. Phase 2-modified nominal group technique (m-NGT) to add expert ideas to phase 1 statements and to reach consensus on statement wording. Phase 3-a two round modified Delphi (m-Delphi) survey to measure consensus in the Scottish pharmacy workforce on whether the features presented should be part of a Scottish advanced pharmacist preceptorship programme. Consensus agreement was set at 75% for m-NGT and m-Delphi.
Fifty-one statements were generated from literature. Seven statements were generated by authors. Three statements were generated by experts during m-NGT stage: 61 statements progressed to m-Delphi. After two rounds (n = 194 and 144 participants in round one and two respectively) of m-Delphi, consensus was reached on 48 of the 61 statements across categories including programme design, preceptor training requirements and programme assessment.
This study provides a strong basis for research into the impact of preceptorship programmes for pharmacists working towards the advanced career stage.
在全球范围内，卫生专业人员正在拓展角色以满足不断增长的医疗保健需求。越来越需要药剂师提供自主、全面、高度复杂的高级护理。指导orship可更广泛地用于支持高级药学护理的提供。
本研究的目的是制定描述指导orship计划特征的陈述，并衡量苏格兰药学劳动力对这些陈述适用于高级药剂师指导orship计划的共识。
第1阶段——通过文献综述和作者专业知识制定与医疗保健指导orship计划关键特征相关的陈述。第2阶段——改进的名义小组技术（m-NGT），将专家意见添加到第1阶段的陈述中，并就陈述措辞达成共识。第3阶段——两轮改进的德尔菲（m-Delphi）调查，以衡量苏格兰药学劳动力对所呈现特征是否应成为苏格兰高级药剂师指导orship计划一部分的共识。m-NGT和m-Delphi的共识协议设定为75%。
从文献中生成了51条陈述。作者生成了7条陈述。在m-NGT阶段，专家生成了3条陈述：61条陈述进入m-Delphi。经过两轮（第一轮和第二轮分别有194名和144名参与者）m-Delphi，在61条陈述中的48条上达成了共识，这些陈述涵盖了计划设计、指导教师培训要求和计划评估等类别。
本研究为研究指导orship计划对处于高级职业阶段的药剂师的影响提供了有力依据。
