Glashouwer Klaske A, de Jong Peter J
Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Eating Disorders, Accare Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Postbus 660, 9700 AR, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2021 Oct;41:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
In this article, we present a theoretical model that points to disgust-induced avoidance as a mechanism that can help explain the persistent and excessive food restriction in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). Disgust is characterized by intense negative feelings of revulsion and an overwhelming and irresistible urge to avoid potential disgust elicitors. When eating, or even the prospect of eating, elicits overwhelming feelings of disgust in individuals with AN, this could explain why food restriction persists even when someone is in a state of starvation. Following this model, disgust is elicited by the expected impact of food on the own body ("becoming fat") resulting in body-related self-disgust. We argue that limiting food intake may serve to avoid self-disgust. This implies that when self-disgust remains unchanged after treatment of AN, residual levels of self-disgust after treatment could make individuals vulnerable to relapse.
在本文中，我们提出了一个理论模型，该模型指出厌恶引发的回避是一种机制，有助于解释神经性厌食症（AN）患者持续且过度的食物限制行为。厌恶的特征是强烈的反感负面情绪以及一种压倒一切且无法抗拒的避免潜在厌恶诱因的冲动。当进食甚至进食的前景在神经性厌食症患者中引发压倒性的厌恶情绪时，这可以解释为什么即使某人处于饥饿状态，食物限制仍会持续。按照这个模型，厌恶是由食物对自身身体的预期影响（“变胖”）引发的，从而导致与身体相关的自我厌恶。我们认为限制食物摄入量可能是为了避免自我厌恶。这意味着当神经性厌食症经过治疗后自我厌恶没有改变时，治疗后残留的自我厌恶水平可能会使个体容易复发。
