Selim Manal Selim Mohamed, Abdelhamid Sayeda Abdelrazek, Mohamed Sahar Saleh
Microbial Biotechnology Department-Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2021 May 12;19(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s43141-021-00156-9.
The ability to produce microbial bioactive compounds makes actinobacteria one of the most explored microbes among prokaryotes. The secondary metabolites of actinobacteria are known for their role in various physiological, cellular, and biological processes.
Actinomycetes are widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, rhizosphere soil, actinmycorrhizal plants, hypersaline soil, limestone, freshwater, marine, sponges, volcanic cave-hot spot, desert, air, insects gut, earthworm castings, goat feces, and endophytic actinomycetes. The most important features of microbial bioactive compounds are that they have specific microbial producers: their diverse bioactivities and their unique chemical structures. Actinomycetes represent a source of biologically active secondary metabolites like antibiotics, biopesticide agents, plant growth hormones, antitumor compounds, antiviral agents, pharmacological compounds, pigments, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory compounds, single-cell protein feed, and biosurfactant.
Further highlight that compounds derived from actinobacteria can be applied in a wide range of industrial applications in biomedicines and the ecological habitat is under-explored and yet to be investigated for unknown, rare actinomycetes diversity.
产生微生物生物活性化合物的能力使放线菌成为原核生物中研究最多的微生物之一。放线菌的次生代谢产物因其在各种生理、细胞和生物学过程中的作用而闻名。
放线菌广泛分布于自然生态系统栖息地，如土壤、根际土壤、放线菌根植物、高盐土壤、石灰岩、淡水、海洋、海绵、火山洞穴热点、沙漠、空气、昆虫肠道、蚯蚓粪便、山羊粪便以及内生放线菌。微生物生物活性化合物最重要的特征是它们有特定的微生物生产者、多样的生物活性和独特的化学结构。放线菌是生物活性次生代谢产物的一个来源，如抗生素、生物农药、植物生长激素、抗肿瘤化合物、抗病毒剂、药理化合物、色素、酶、酶抑制剂、抗炎化合物、单细胞蛋白饲料和生物表面活性剂。
进一步强调来自放线菌的化合物可应用于生物医药等广泛的工业应用中，且生态栖息地尚未得到充分探索，未知的、稀有的放线菌多样性有待研究。
