Kang Chuan-Zhi, Zhang Yan, Wang Sheng, Wan Xiu-Fu, Jiang Jing-Yi, Zeng Yan, He Yu-Cheng, Wang Rui-Shan, He Ya-Li, Guo Lan-Ping
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Apr;46(8):1858-1863. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210203.101.
As the most advanced environment-friendly production model in the international society, ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica(CMM) is the only way for the development of modern agriculture. With the proposal of the declaration on ecolo-gical agriculture of CMM, "Don't grab land from farmland, don't be enemies of grass and insects, don't be afraid of barren slopes and forests, and live up to the green and green mountains", the ecological planting of CMM has blossomed all over the country, and formed a scientific theory, technology and model. Based on the theory and method of economics, this paper expounds the comprehensive benefits and development advantages of ecological agriculture of CMM from the perspectives of farmers(producers), patients(consumers) and the country. From the perspective of medicinal farmers, the input and output income of conventional agriculture and ecological agriculture of CMM such as Panax ginseng, Astragalus propinquus, Atractylodes lancea, and Bupleurum chinense were compared, and it was found that ecological agriculture of CMM had obvious advantages in net income, average annual income and input-output ratio, which could better promote farmers' income. From the perspective of patients, according to the same dose, the content of active ingredients in ecologically planted CMMs is significantly higher than that in conventionally-planted herbs, and the amount of effective substances taken by patients is also higher, so as to achieve better therapeutic effect. At the national level, ecological planting of CMM is the key to ensuring the high-quality development of CMM industry, increasing farmers' income, ensuring the safety of people's drug use and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. It is also an important part of realizing the harmonious development of economy, society and environment and promoting ecological civilization. In general, the declaration on ecological agriculture of CMM embo-dies the core characteristics and goals of ecological agriculture, and also points of the path and vision of ecological agriculture of CMM in the future. The declaration will guide production practice, promote the benefit of farmers, and lay the foundation for the sustainable development of CMM industry.
作为国际社会最先进的环保生产模式，中药材生态农业是现代农业发展的必由之路。随着“不与粮争地、不与草虫为敌、不惧荒坡山林、不负青山绿水”的中药材生态农业宣言的提出，中药材生态种植在全国遍地开花，并形成了科学的理论、技术和模式。本文基于经济学的理论和方法，从农户（生产者）、患者（消费者）和国家三个层面阐述了中药材生态农业的综合效益与发展优势。从药农层面看，对比了人参、黄芪、白术、柴胡等传统农业与中药材生态农业的投入产出收益，发现中药材生态农业在纯收入、年均收入和投入产出比方面优势明显，能更好地促进农民增收。从患者层面看，同等剂量下，生态种植的中药材活性成分含量显著高于传统种植的药材，患者服用的有效物质更多，从而能达到更好的治疗效果。从国家层面看，中药材生态种植是保障中药材产业高质量发展、增加农民收入、确保群众用药安全、促进农业可持续发展的关键，也是实现经济、社会和环境和谐发展、推进生态文明建设的重要内容。总体而言，中药材生态农业宣言体现了生态农业的核心特征和目标，也指出了未来中药材生态农业的路径和愿景。该宣言将指导生产实践，促进农民受益，为中药材产业可持续发展奠定基础。
