Guo Lan-Ping, Kang Chuan-Zhi, Zhou Tao, Han Bang-Xing, Wang Xiao, Yang Ye, Huang Lu-Qi
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China.
Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Apr;46(8):1851-1857. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210226.102.
This study steps through four key principles, four open problems and future perspectives of Chinese materia medica(CMM) ecological agriculture by presenting the historical development, existing theories and practice outcomes. Then, it focuses on refining the main principles of CMM ecological agriculture:(1)the principles of ecological niche associated with yield and comprehensive income;(2)principles of biological diversity associated with the integrated control of diseases, pests and weeds;(3)principles of adversity effects associated with the quality improvement of CMM;(4)principles of structural stability associated with the sustainable development of CMM ecological agriculture. On this basis, four burning issues of CMM ecological agriculture were obtained,(1)ecological planting mode and supporting technologies need to be perfect;(2)multi-integrated industrial coupling remains to strengthen;(3) quality assurance system of CMM ecological agriculture and high-quality and favorable price model remains to be formed;(4)awareness of the demonstration and extension of CMM ecological agriculture needs to be desired. Finally, suggestions for the sustainable development of CMM ecological agriculture are put forward:(1)strengthen the national planning and layout, develop CMM ecological agriculture accor-ding to local conditions;(2)pay equal attention to inheritance and innovation, and strengthen the theory and practical technology research of CMM ecological agriculture;(3)strengthen industrial coupling and realize the transformation of CMM ecological agriculture from a production-based to a multi-in-one compound model;(4)intensify standards and brands, building a quality assurance system for CMM ecological products;(5) publicize the demonstration and popularization of CMM ecological agriculture. In summary, the development of CMM ecological agriculture possessed a firmer theory and practice foundation, although there is still much room for improvement. A better field of Chinese medicine agricultural development with immense economic and social benefits will not a question of "if" but "when" by accurately grasp the way forward.
本研究通过介绍中药生态农业的历史发展、现有理论和实践成果，梳理了中药生态农业的四个关键原则、四个开放性问题及未来展望。接着，着重提炼了中药生态农业的主要原则：（1）与产量和综合收益相关的生态位原则；（2）与病虫害和杂草综合防治相关的生物多样性原则；（3）与中药品质提升相关的逆境效应原则；（4）与中药生态农业可持续发展相关的结构稳定性原则。在此基础上，得出了中药生态农业的四个亟待解决的问题：（1）生态种植模式及配套技术有待完善；（2）多产业融合耦合仍需加强；（3）中药生态农业质量保障体系及优质优价模式尚待形成；（4）中药生态农业示范推广意识有待提高。最后，提出了中药生态农业可持续发展的建议：（1）加强国家规划布局，因地制宜发展中药生态农业；（2）传承与创新并重，加强中药生态农业理论及实用技术研究；（3）强化产业耦合，实现中药生态农业从生产型向多业态复合型转变；（4）强化标准与品牌，构建中药生态产品质量保障体系；（5）宣传推广中药生态农业示范。综上所述，中药生态农业的发展虽仍有很大提升空间，但已具备更坚实的理论和实践基础。精准把握前进方向，中医药农业发展的美好前景带来巨大经济和社会效益将不再是“能否”的问题，而是“何时”的问题。
