Ouma Emily, Dione Michel, Mtimet Nadhem, Lule Peter, Colston Angie, Adediran Samuel, Grace Delia
Policies, Institutions and Livelihood Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda.
Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Apr 27;8:611166. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.611166. eCollection 2021.
cysticercosis disease remains a key challenge to the pig sector in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South East Asia, resulting in both economic losses and public health impacts. The World Health Organization has ranked it first on the global scale of foodborne parasites. A One Health approach has been recommended for reduction of infection pressure and eradication in the longer term. A new vaccine TSOL18 (Cysvax™), applied in combination with oxfendazole (Paranthic 10%™), a dewormer drug has been developed and field tested for the control of cysticercosis, with high potential to break the disease cycle. It is however unclear whether the products can be marketed through a market driven approach, and if smallholder pig farmers would be willing to take up and pay for the vaccine-oxfendazole combination. A choice experiment methodology was used to assess the potential demand and willingness to pay for the vaccine-oxfendazole combination by Ugandan smallholder pig farmers, and demand for vaccinated pigs by pig traders. The results showed that farmers highly valued quality assurance attributes and were not keen on the vaccine if there were no associated returns in the form of premium price for vaccinated pigs during sales. They were willing to pay US$ 2.31 for the vaccine if it resulted in a premium price for vaccinated pigs. Furthermore, they preferred an accompanying vaccine viability detector as part of its quality assurance. The pig traders on the other hand preferred high carcass weight of pigs, potentially achieved by using oxfendazole. The results show that unless the pig market systems pay a premium price for vaccinated pigs, and quality assurance systems guarantee quality vaccine, uptake of the TSOL18 vaccine and oxfendazole by farmers through market mechanisms may be unsuccessful. The current pig marketing system does not reward food safety, the focus is mainly on carcass weight. Alternative delivery mechanisms for the vaccine through a mix of private-public investments needs to be explored, as the benefits of vaccinated pigs are societal and include reduction and elimination of neurocysticercosis in the long run.
囊尾蚴病仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲、拉丁美洲和东南亚低收入和中等收入国家养猪业面临的一项关键挑战，会造成经济损失并影响公众健康。世界卫生组织已将其列为全球食源寄生虫之首。有人建议采用 “同一健康” 方法来降低感染压力，并从长远角度根除该病。一种新疫苗TSOL18（Cysvax™）已研发出来，并与驱虫药奥芬达唑（Paranthic 10%™）联合应用于控制囊尾蚴病的田间试验，具有打破疾病循环的巨大潜力。然而，目前尚不清楚这些产品能否通过市场驱动的方式进行销售，以及小农户养猪户是否愿意购买并支付疫苗与奥芬达唑组合的费用。本研究采用选择实验方法，评估了乌干达小农户养猪户对疫苗与奥芬达唑组合的潜在需求和支付意愿，以及猪交易商对接种疫苗猪的需求。结果表明，养殖户高度重视质量保证属性，如果在销售接种疫苗的猪时没有以溢价形式带来相关回报，他们对疫苗并不感兴趣。如果接种疫苗的猪能带来溢价，他们愿意为疫苗支付2.31美元。此外，他们更喜欢配备随附的疫苗活力检测仪作为质量保证的一部分。另一方面，猪交易商更喜欢猪胴体重量高，这可能通过使用奥芬达唑来实现。结果表明，除非猪市场体系对接种疫苗的猪支付溢价，并且质量保证体系能确保疫苗质量，否则养殖户通过市场机制采用TSOL18疫苗和奥芬达唑可能不会成功。当前的猪销售体系并不奖励食品安全，主要关注胴体重量。由于接种疫苗的猪的益处是社会性的，包括从长远来看减少和消除神经囊尾蚴病，因此需要探索通过公私投资混合的方式提供疫苗的替代机制。
