Bustos Samyd S, Kuruoglu Doga, Yan Maria, Bustos Valeria P, Forte Antonio J, Ciudad Pedro, Kim Esther A, Del Corral Gabriel A, Manrique Oscar J
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Ann Transl Med. 2021 Apr;9(7):612. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4522.
Nipple-areola complex (NAC) reconstruction in transgender and gender non-binary (TGNB) individuals undergoing chest wall masculinization surgery is critical for adequate satisfaction and aesthetic results. Here, we conducted a systematic review to find the various techniques and outcomes of NAC reconstruction in double-incision mastectomy and free nipple grafts (DIM-FNG). A comprehensive search of several databases was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. We included studies that described the NAC reconstruction technique after DIM-FNG, and evaluated the surgical outcomes, or satisfaction, or aesthetic results after a minimum duration of follow-up of 6 months. Studies were assessed for risk of bias. A qualitative synthesis was performed. A total of 19 studies, comprising 1,587 patients (3,174 breasts), were included. There was a total of 14 studies using the conventional FNG technique, 4 describing new approaches for NAC reconstruction in FNG and 1 study comparing the conventional FNG technique to another alternative technique. A total of 1,347 patients underwent DIM-FNG with conventional FNG and 240 underwent alternative techniques for NAC reconstruction after DIM-FNG. Postoperative complications were low, and satisfaction was high for conventional and alternative techniques. Newer techniques aim to reshape the new NACs in an oval shape, reduce nipple size and place the NACs using the pectoralis major lateral and inferior borders as reference. In addition, a horizontal oval incision at the recipient site may avoid an undesired vertical NAC.
对于接受胸壁男性化手术的跨性别者和性别非二元(TGNB)个体而言,乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)重建对于获得足够的满意度和美学效果至关重要。在此,我们进行了一项系统评价,以探寻双切口乳房切除术和游离乳头移植术(DIM-FNG)中NAC重建的各种技术及结果。基于PRISMA指南对多个数据库进行了全面检索。我们纳入了描述DIM-FNG术后NAC重建技术的研究,并评估了至少随访6个月后的手术结果、满意度或美学效果。对研究进行了偏倚风险评估。进行了定性综合分析。共纳入19项研究,包括1587例患者(3174侧乳房)。共有14项研究采用传统FNG技术,4项描述了FNG中NAC重建的新方法,1项研究将传统FNG技术与另一种替代技术进行了比较。共有1347例患者接受了采用传统FNG的DIM-FNG,240例在DIM-FNG后接受了NAC重建的替代技术。术后并发症发生率较低,传统技术和替代技术的满意度均较高。较新的技术旨在将新的NAC重塑为椭圆形,减小乳头尺寸,并以胸大肌外侧和下缘为参照放置NAC。此外,在受区做水平椭圆形切口可避免出现不理想的垂直NAC。
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