Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 7;24(4):3342. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043342.
Vitreous substitutes are indispensable tools in vitreoretinal surgery. The two crucial functions of these substitutes are their ability to displace intravitreal fluid from the retinal surface and to allow the retina to adhere to the retinal pigment epithelium. Today, vitreoretinal surgeons can choose among a plethora of vitreous tamponades, and the tamponade of choice might be difficult to determine in the ever-expanding range of possibilities for a favorable outcome. The currently available vitreous substitutes have disadvantages that need to be addressed to improve the surgical outcome achievable today. Herein, the fundamental physical and chemical proprieties of all vitreous substitutes are reported, and their use and clinical applications are described alongside some surgical techniques of intra-operative manipulation. The major upcoming developments in vitreous substitutes are extensively discussed, keeping a translational perspective throughout. Conclusions on future perspectives are derived through an in-depth analysis of what is lacking today in terms of desired outcomes and biomaterials technology.
玻璃体替代品是玻璃体视网膜手术中不可或缺的工具。这些替代品的两个关键功能是它们能够从视网膜表面置换眼内液，并使视网膜附着在视网膜色素上皮上。如今，玻璃体视网膜外科医生可以在众多的玻璃体填充物中进行选择，而在不断扩大的有利结果可能性范围内，选择合适的填充物可能会变得困难。目前可用的玻璃体替代品存在需要解决的缺点，以改善今天可实现的手术效果。本文报告了所有玻璃体替代品的基本物理和化学特性，并描述了它们的使用和临床应用，以及一些术中操作技术。广泛讨论了玻璃体替代品的主要未来发展方向，并始终保持转化的视角。通过深入分析当今在所需结果和生物材料技术方面的不足之处，得出了对未来前景的结论。
