Whitmarsh Lorraine, Poortinga Wouter, Capstick Stuart
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2021 Dec;42:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.002. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
Addressing climate change requires profound behaviour change, not only in consumer action, but also in action as members of communities and organisations, and as citizens who can influence policies. However, while many behavioural models exist to explain and predict mitigation and adaptation behaviours, we argue that their utility in establishing meaningful change is limited due to their being too reductive, individualistic, linear, deliberative and blind to environmental impact. This has led to a focus on suboptimal intervention strategies, particularly informational approaches. Addressing the climate crisis requires a focus on high-impact behaviours and high-emitting groups; interdisciplinary interventions that address the multiple drivers, barriers and contexts of behaviour; and timing to ensure interventions are targeted to moments of change when habits are weaker.
应对气候变化需要深刻的行为改变，不仅在消费者行动方面，而且在作为社区和组织成员以及能够影响政策的公民的行动方面。然而，虽然存在许多行为模型来解释和预测缓解及适应行为，但我们认为，由于这些模型过于简化、个人主义、线性、深思熟虑且对环境影响视而不见，它们在促成有意义的改变方面的效用有限。这导致了对次优干预策略的关注，尤其是信息方法。应对气候危机需要关注高影响力行为和高排放群体；跨学科干预措施，以应对行为的多种驱动因素、障碍和背景；以及时机，以确保干预措施针对习惯较弱的变革时刻。
