School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 May 15;21(1):376. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03847-w.
Postpartum women are at higher risk of depression compared to the general population. Despite the mental health benefits an active lifestyle can provide, postpartum women engage in low physical activity and high screen time. Very little research has investigated the social ecological (i.e. individual, social and physical environmental) influences on physical activity and screen time amongst postpartum women, particularly amongst those with depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study sought to examine the influences on physical activity and screen time amongst postpartum women with heightened depressive symptoms.
20 mothers (3-9 months postpartum) participating in the Mums on the Move pilot randomised controlled trial who reported being insufficiently active and experiencing heightened depressive symptoms participated in semi-structured telephone interviews exploring their perceptions of the key influences on their physical activity and screen time across various levels of the social ecological model. Strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing screen time were explored with participants. Thematic analyses were undertaken to construct key themes from the qualitative data.
Findings showed that postpartum women with depressive symptoms reported individual (i.e. sleep quality, being housebound, single income), social (i.e. childcare, social support from partner and friends) and physical environmental (i.e. weather, safety in the local neighbourhood) influences on physical activity. Postpartum women reported individual (i.e. screen use out of habit and addiction, enjoyment) and social (i.e. positive role modelling, social isolation) influences on screen-time, but no key themes targeting the physical environmental influences were identified for screen time. Strategies suggested by women to increase physical activity included mother's physical activity groups, home-based physical activity programs and awareness-raising. Strategies to reduce screen time included the use of screen time tracker apps, increasing social connections and awareness-raising.
Amongst postpartum women with heightened depressive symptoms, influences on physical activity encompassed all constructs of the social ecological model. However, screen time was only perceived to be influenced by individual and social factors. Intervention strategies targeting predominantly individual and social factors may be particularly important for this high-risk group. These findings could assist in developing targeted physical activity and screen time interventions for this cohort.
与一般人群相比，产后妇女患抑郁症的风险更高。尽管积极的生活方式可以带来心理健康益处，但产后妇女的身体活动量较低，屏幕时间较长。很少有研究调查社会生态因素（即个人、社会和物理环境）对产后妇女身体活动和屏幕时间的影响，尤其是对那些有抑郁症状的妇女。因此，本研究旨在探讨产后有抑郁症状妇女身体活动和屏幕时间的影响因素。
20 名参与 Mums on the Move 试点随机对照试验的母亲（产后 3-9 个月）报告称她们活动不足且抑郁症状加重，她们参加了半结构化电话访谈，探讨了她们对身体活动和屏幕时间的关键影响因素的看法，这些影响因素涉及社会生态模型的各个层面。与参与者一起探讨了促进身体活动和减少屏幕时间的策略。对定性数据进行了主题分析，以构建关键主题。
研究结果表明，有抑郁症状的产后妇女报告了个人因素（即睡眠质量、足不出户、单一收入）、社会因素（即育儿、伴侣和朋友的社会支持）和物理环境因素（即天气、当地社区的安全）对身体活动的影响。产后妇女报告了个人因素（即出于习惯和成瘾、享受而使用屏幕）和社会因素（即积极的榜样作用、社交孤立）对屏幕时间的影响，但没有确定针对屏幕时间的物理环境影响的关键主题。女性提出的增加身体活动的策略包括母亲的身体活动小组、家庭身体活动计划和提高认识。减少屏幕时间的策略包括使用屏幕时间跟踪应用程序、增加社交联系和提高认识。
在有抑郁症状加重的产后妇女中，身体活动的影响因素包括社会生态模型的所有结构。然而，屏幕时间仅被认为受到个人和社会因素的影响。针对主要个人和社会因素的干预策略可能对这一高风险群体尤为重要。这些发现可以帮助为这一人群开发有针对性的身体活动和屏幕时间干预措施。
