Harvey Pierre D, Plé Jessica
Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1 Canada.
J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. 2021;31(7):2715-2756. doi: 10.1007/s10904-021-02011-3. Epub 2021 May 12.
The fight against cancer has always been a prevalent research topic. Nanomaterials have the ability to directly penetrate cancer cells and potentially achieve minimally invasive, precise and efficient tumor annihilation. As such, nanoscale metal organic frameworks (nMOFs) are becoming increasingly attractive as potential therapeutic agents in the medical field due to their high structural variability, good biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization as well as their porous morphologies with tunable cavity sizes. This overview addresses five different common strategies used to find cancer therapies, while summarizing the recent progress in using nMOFs as cytotoxic cancer cell agents largely through in vitro studies, although some in vivo investigations have also been reported. Chemo and targeted therapies rely on drug encapsulation and delivery inside the cell, whereas photothermal and photodynamic therapies depend on photosensitizers. Concurrently, immunotherapy actively induces the body to destroy the tumor by activating an immune response. By choosing the appropriate metal center, ligands and surface functionalization, nMOFs can be utilized in all five types of therapies. In the last section, the future prospects and challenges of nMOFs with respect to the various therapies will be presented and discussed.
抗癌斗争一直是一个热门的研究课题。纳米材料能够直接穿透癌细胞，并有可能实现微创、精准且高效的肿瘤消除。因此，纳米级金属有机框架（nMOF）因其高度的结构可变性、良好的生物相容性、易于进行表面功能化以及具有可调节孔径大小的多孔形态，在医学领域作为潜在的治疗剂正变得越来越有吸引力。本综述阐述了用于寻找癌症治疗方法的五种不同常见策略，同时总结了使用nMOF作为细胞毒性癌细胞剂的最新进展，这在很大程度上是通过体外研究得出的，不过也有一些体内研究的报道。化学疗法和靶向疗法依赖于药物在细胞内的封装和递送，而光热疗法和光动力疗法则依赖于光敏剂。同时，免疫疗法通过激活免疫反应来积极诱导机体破坏肿瘤。通过选择合适的金属中心、配体和表面功能化，nMOF可用于所有这五种类型的疗法。在最后一部分，将介绍并讨论nMOF在各种疗法方面的未来前景和挑战。
