Naseri Parisa, Alavi Majd Hamid, Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad, Khadembashi Naghmeh, Najibi Seyed Morteza, Nazari Atiye
Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Basic Clin Neurosci. 2021 Jan-Feb;12(1):95-104. doi: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.480. Epub 2021 Jan 1.
One of the vital skills which has an impact on emotional health and well-being is the regulation of emotions. In recent years, the neural basis of this process has been considered widely. One of the powerful tools for eliciting and regulating emotion is music. The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is part of the emotional neural circuitry involved in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The current study uses functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to examine how neural processing of emotional musical auditory stimuli is changed within the ACC in depression. Statistical inference is conducted using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach with an Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) algorithm.
A new proposed Bayesian approach was applied for assessing functional response to emotional musical auditory stimuli in a block design fMRI data with 105 scans of two healthy and depressed women. In this Bayesian approach, Unweighted Graph-Laplacian (UGL) prior was chosen for spatial dependency, and autoregressive (AR) (1) process was used for temporal correlation via pre-weighting residuals. Finally, the inference was conducted using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) algorithm in the R-INLA package.
The results revealed that positive music, as compared to negative music, elicits stronger activation within the ACC area in both healthy and depressed subjects. In comparing MDD and Never-Depressed (ND) individuals, a significant difference was found between MDD and ND groups in response to positive music vs negative music stimuli. The activations increase from baseline to positive stimuli and decrease from baseline to negative stimuli in ND subjects. Also, a significant decrease from baseline to positive stimuli was observed in MDD subjects, but there was no significant difference between baseline and negative stimuli.
Assessing the pattern of activations within ACC in a depressed individual may be useful in retraining the ACC and improving its function, and lead to more effective therapeutic interventions.
对情绪健康和幸福感有影响的一项重要技能是情绪调节。近年来，这一过程的神经基础受到了广泛关注。引发和调节情绪的有力工具之一是音乐。前扣带回皮质（ACC）是参与重度抑郁症（MDD）的情绪神经回路的一部分。本研究使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来检查抑郁症患者ACC内对情绪性音乐听觉刺激的神经处理是如何变化的。统计推断采用贝叶斯广义线性模型（GLM）方法和集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似（INLA）算法进行。
一种新提出的贝叶斯方法被应用于评估在包含两名健康女性和两名抑郁女性的105次扫描的组块设计fMRI数据中对情绪性音乐听觉刺激的功能反应。在这种贝叶斯方法中，选择未加权图拉普拉斯（UGL）先验用于空间依赖性，并通过对残差进行预加权，使用自回归（AR）（1）过程来处理时间相关性。最后，在R-INLA软件包中使用集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似（INLA）算法进行推断。
结果显示，与消极音乐相比，积极音乐在健康受试者和抑郁受试者的ACC区域均引发更强的激活。在比较MDD个体和从未抑郁（ND）个体时，发现MDD组和ND组在对积极音乐与消极音乐刺激的反应上存在显著差异。在ND受试者中，激活从基线到积极刺激增加，从基线到消极刺激减少。此外，在MDD受试者中观察到从基线到积极刺激有显著下降，但基线和消极刺激之间没有显著差异。
评估抑郁症患者ACC内的激活模式可能有助于对ACC进行再训练并改善其功能，从而带来更有效的治疗干预。
