Golzarand Mahdieh, Salari-Moghaddam Asma, Mirmiran Parvin
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(29):8078-8098. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925221. Epub 2021 May 17.
Several studies have assessed the relationship between alcohol intake and overweight/obesity; however, the reported results are inconsistent. Therefore, the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies was designed to investigate the association between alcohol intake and general and abdominal obesity among the adults. Literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases up to August 2020. Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to pool effect size. To conduct dose-response meta-analysis, amount of alcohol intake was classified into three categories including light (<14 g/d), moderate (14-28 g/d), and heavy (>28 g/d). In the present study, 127 eligible studies were included. In cohort studies, there was no significant association between alcohol drinking and risk of overweight (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.89), obesity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.37), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.58), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.41). In cross-sectional studies, alcohol intake was associated with the increased odds of overweight (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.18), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.37), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.29); but not obesity (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.12). Results of dose-response analysis indicated that heavy alcohol drinking was positively associated with odds of overweight (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.24), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.51), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.38) compared to non- or light alcohol drinking. There was no publication bias among studied on outcomes of interest. In conclusion, our results revealed alcohol drinkers, especially heavy alcohol drinkers, had increased odds of overweight, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity than non-alcohol drinker or light alcohol drinkers among cross-sectional studies but not cohort studies.
多项研究评估了酒精摄入量与超重/肥胖之间的关系；然而，报告的结果并不一致。因此，本项针对观察性研究的系统评价和剂量反应荟萃分析旨在调查成年人中酒精摄入量与全身肥胖和腹型肥胖之间的关联。截至2020年8月，在PubMed/Medline和Web of Science数据库中进行了文献检索。采用比值比（OR）、风险比（RR）或风险率（HR）及95%置信区间（95%CI）来汇总效应量。为进行剂量反应荟萃分析，将酒精摄入量分为三类，包括少量饮酒（<14克/天）、中度饮酒（14 - 28克/天）和大量饮酒（>28克/天）。在本研究中，纳入了127项符合条件的研究。在队列研究中，饮酒与超重风险（OR：0.93，95%CI：0.46至1.89）、肥胖风险（OR：0.84，95%CI：0.52至1.37）、超重/肥胖风险（OR：1.15，95%CI：0.84至1.58）以及腹型肥胖风险（OR：1.13，95%CI：0.90至1.41）之间均无显著关联。在横断面研究中，酒精摄入与超重几率增加（OR：1.11，95%CI：1.05至1.18）、超重/肥胖几率增加（OR：1.23，95%CI：1.11至1.37）以及腹型肥胖几率增加（OR：1.19，95%CI：1.09至1.29）相关；但与肥胖无关（OR：1.03，95%CI：0.95至1.12）。剂量反应分析结果表明，与不饮酒或少量饮酒相比，大量饮酒与超重几率增加（OR：1.12，95%CI：1.01至1.24）、超重/肥胖几率增加（OR：1.32，95%CI：1.16至1.51）以及腹型肥胖几率增加（OR：1.25，95%CI：1.12至1.38）呈正相关。在所研究的感兴趣结局中不存在发表偏倚。总之，我们的结果显示，在横断面研究中，饮酒者，尤其是大量饮酒者，相较于不饮酒者或少量饮酒者，超重、超重/肥胖和腹型肥胖的几率增加，但在队列研究中并非如此。
