Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2021 Oct;31(10):801-813. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.004. Epub 2021 May 14.
Specialized mechanisms ensure proper expression of critically important genes such as those specifying cell identity or conferring protection from environmental stress. Investigations of the heat shock response have been critical in elucidating basic concepts of transcriptional control. Recent studies demonstrate that in response to thermal stress, heat shock-responsive genes associate with high levels of transcriptional activators and coactivators and those in yeast intensely interact across and between chromosomes, coalescing into condensates. In mammalian cells, cell identity genes that are regulated by super-enhancers (SEs) are also densely occupied by transcriptional machinery that form phase-separated condensates. We suggest that the stress-remodeled yeast nucleome bears functional and structural resemblance to mammalian SEs, and will reveal fundamental mechanisms of gene control by transcriptional condensates.
专门的机制确保了关键重要基因的正确表达，例如那些指定细胞身份或赋予其免受环境压力保护的基因。对热休克反应的研究对于阐明转录控制的基本概念至关重要。最近的研究表明，在应对热应激时，热休克反应基因与高水平的转录激活剂和共激活剂结合，在酵母中，它们在染色体之间和染色体内部强烈相互作用，聚集成凝聚体。在哺乳动物细胞中，受超级增强子（SEs）调控的细胞身份基因也被转录机制密集占据，这些转录机制形成相分离的凝聚体。我们认为，经过应激重塑的酵母核小体在功能和结构上与哺乳动物的 SEs 相似，并将揭示转录凝聚体控制基因的基本机制。
