Nagle Alverio Gabriela, Hoagland Sara H, Coughlan de Perez Erin, Mach Katharine J
School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.
Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.
J Environ Stud Sci. 2021;11(3):511-522. doi: 10.1007/s13412-021-00698-x. Epub 2021 May 13.
Since 2010, States party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have recognized planned relocation as a viable adaptation to climate change. Planned relocation has been attempted in many communities globally and has raised serious issues of equity in some cases. Implementation driven by principles of equity is crucial in ensuring successful planned relocations that decrease loss and damage. In this Policy Analysis, we put forth a framework for equitable planned relocation rooted in theories of justice as a basis for implementation. The framework centers around three principles: comprehensive recognition of affected stakeholders in decision-making, consideration of socio-cultural risk factors relevant to relocation, and evaluation of multiple measures of well-being. There are many actors involved in planned relocation. Unique features and abilities of international organizations lend themselves to promoting equitable planned relocation in partnership with other stakeholders. Through the exploration of case studies, we identify best practices that international organizations have available to influence the design, implementation, and evaluation of planned relocation processes. These practices are relevant when striving for equity for all affected individuals and communities. Points of intervention include agenda-setting and advocacy, funding and implementation standards, and facilitation of international cooperation. International organizations also face barriers to supporting equitable planned relocation. Limitations include lack of enforcement mechanisms, limited resources, and fundamental dependence on existing governance structures and global collaboration. As the necessity of planned relocations grows, the need for leadership from international organizations in implementation is magnified, underscoring the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to just implementation.
自2010年以来，《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约国已认可有计划的搬迁是应对气候变化的一种可行适应方式。全球许多社区都尝试过有计划的搬迁，在某些情况下还引发了严重的公平问题。基于公平原则的实施对于确保成功的有计划搬迁以减少损失和损害至关重要。在本政策分析中，我们提出了一个基于正义理论的公平有计划搬迁框架，作为实施的基础。该框架围绕三项原则：在决策中全面认可受影响的利益相关者、考虑与搬迁相关的社会文化风险因素以及评估多种福祉衡量标准。有计划的搬迁涉及许多行为体。国际组织的独特特征和能力使其能够与其他利益相关者合作促进公平的有计划搬迁。通过对案例研究的探索，我们确定了国际组织可用于影响有计划搬迁过程的设计、实施和评估的最佳实践。在为所有受影响的个人和社区争取公平的过程中，这些实践具有相关性。干预点包括议程设定和宣传、资金和实施标准以及促进国际合作。国际组织在支持公平的有计划搬迁方面也面临障碍。限制包括缺乏执行机制、资源有限以及对现有治理结构和全球合作的根本依赖。随着有计划搬迁的必要性增加，国际组织在实施方面发挥领导作用的需求也相应增加，这凸显了制定和评估公正实施方法的重要性。
