GebreEyesus Fisha Alebel, Tarekegn Tadesse Tsehay, Amlak Baye Tsegaye, Shiferaw Bisrat Zeleke, Emeria Mamo Solomon, Geleta Omega Tolessa, Mewahegn Agerie Aynalem, Feleke Dejen Getaneh, Chanie Ermias Sisay
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, DebreTabor, Ethiopia.
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2021 May 10;12:223-238. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S295378. eCollection 2021.
Improving infant immunization coverage and timeliness is a key health policy objective in many developing countries such as Ethiopia. Despite this, full immunization coverage in Ethiopia becomes low with the concurrent significant burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among infants. A previously published study acknowledged that parental knowledge, attitude, and practice towards infant immunization are vital issues to improve coverage and influence uptake.
To assess parents' knowledge, attitude, practice, and its associated factors regarding immunization of infants at Wadla Woreda, North East Ethiopia, 2019.
A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 418 parents from March to April 2019 in Wadla Woreda, North East Ethiopia. A stratified sampling technique was used to approach the study subjects. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered in EPI-Info 7.2 and transferred to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with parental knowledge, attitude, and practice. Variables with a value of ≤0.05 and AOR with 95% CI were declared as having a statistically significant association during multivariable logistic regression analysis.
In this study, 65.1%, 57.3%, and 55.3% of the parents had good knowledge, a favorable attitude, and good practice towards infant immunization, respectively. Parent's educational status (AOR=5.330), urban residency (AOR=2.788), favorable attitude (AOR=4.308) and got immunization service two-three times (AOR=3.227) and four-five times (AOR=2.254) were statistically associated with knowledge of parents. Parents who attend primary school [AOR=0.451) and secondary school [AOR=0.320), parents who were mothers of the child [AOR=3.813), and respondents who had good knowledge about infant immunization (AOR= 4.592) were significantly associated with a favorable parental attitude. Infant immunization practice was significantly associated with parental education who attend primary school (AOR=2.513), secondary school (AOR=2.546) and higher education (AOR=11.988), parents who had good knowledge of infant immunization (AOR= 4.206), and short waiting time (AOR=3.881).
Parental KAP towards infant immunization was found to be lower than most of the study findings quoted in this study. Improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents about immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases was recommended by providing health education and health promotion interventions.
提高婴儿免疫接种覆盖率和及时性是许多发展中国家（如埃塞俄比亚）的一项关键卫生政策目标。尽管如此，埃塞俄比亚的全程免疫接种覆盖率仍然很低，同时婴儿中疫苗可预防疾病的负担也很重。先前发表的一项研究承认，父母对婴儿免疫接种的知识、态度和行为是提高覆盖率和影响接种率的关键问题。
评估2019年埃塞俄比亚东北部瓦德拉萨县父母对婴儿免疫接种的知识、态度、行为及其相关因素。
2019年3月至4月，在埃塞俄比亚东北部瓦德拉萨县对418名父母进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用分层抽样技术选取研究对象。使用由访谈员管理的结构化问卷。收集到的数据进行清理、编码，并录入EPI-Info 7.2，然后转移到SPSS 25.0版本进行分析。进行二元逻辑回归分析以确定与父母的知识、态度和行为有显著关联的变量。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，将值≤0.05且95%置信区间的比值比（AOR）的变量声明为具有统计学显著关联。
在本研究中，分别有65.1%、57.3%和55.3%的父母对婴儿免疫接种有良好的知识、积极的态度和良好的行为。父母的教育程度（AOR=5.330）、城市居住情况（AOR=2.788）、积极的态度（AOR=4.308）以及接受过两到三次免疫服务（AOR=3.227）和四到五次免疫服务（AOR=2.254）与父母的知识在统计学上相关。上过小学（AOR=0.451）和中学（AOR=0.320）的父母、孩子的母亲（AOR=3.813）以及对婴儿免疫接种有良好知识的受访者（AOR=4.592）与父母积极的态度在统计学上显著相关。婴儿免疫接种行为与上过小学（AOR=2.513）、中学（AOR=2.546）和高等教育（AOR=11.988）的父母教育程度、对婴儿免疫接种有良好知识的父母（AOR=4.206）以及等待时间短（AOR=3.881）在统计学上相关。
发现父母对婴儿免疫接种的知识、态度和行为低于本研究引用的大多数研究结果。建议通过提供健康教育和健康促进干预措施来提高父母对免疫接种和疫苗可预防疾病的知识、态度和行为。
