Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Jun;43(6):1009-1018. doi: 10.1007/s00276-020-02640-2. Epub 2021 May 22.
The aim of this study was to analyze the morphologic features of alveolus in relatively healthy maxillary and mandibular incisors using cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT).
CBCT images of 318 patients were retrospectively acquired. Alveolar bone in incisive area was divided into: type 1 (thick), type 2 (relatively thick with mono-plate concavity), type 3 (thin with double-plate concavities), and type 4 (vulnerably thin). Alveolus prevalence and widths were analyzed statistically relative to age, gender, and molar relationship.
Prevalence of type 1 alveolus was 78.9% in maxillary central incisors, 15.1% in maxillary lateral incisors, 24.1% in mandibular central incisors, and 5.0% in mandibular lateral incisors. Type 2 alveolus was commonly observed in the maxillary lateral incisors (82.2%), mandibular central incisors (66.2%), and mandibular lateral incisors (87.9%). Prevalence of type 3 and 4 alveoli ranged from 0.0 to 9.4%. As for maxillary central incisors, type 1 was the widest both at the alveolar crest (7.77 ± 0.58 mm) and apical area (9.05 ± 1.86 mm), while type 3 had the lowest width at the apical region (4.08 ± 0.51 mm). Among maxillary central incisors, prevalence of type 1 tended to decrease with age. At all maxillary and mandibular incisor sites, alveolus widths were significantly thicker in males than in females. At maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular incisor sites, prevalence of alveolus type was significantly different among three molar relationships.
A 4-type classification system was suggested for alveolus morphology in incisive region. Identification of alveolus type might aid in the corresponding treatment.
本研究旨在使用锥形束 CT（CBCT）分析相对健康的上颌和下颌切牙牙槽形态特征。
回顾性获取 318 例患者的 CBCT 图像。将切牙区牙槽骨分为：1 型（厚）、2 型（相对厚，单板凹陷）、3 型（薄，双板凹陷）和 4 型（极薄）。统计分析牙槽骨的发生率和宽度与年龄、性别和磨牙关系的关系。
上颌中切牙 1 型牙槽骨的发生率为 78.9%，上颌侧切牙为 15.1%，下颌中切牙为 24.1%，下颌侧切牙为 5.0%。2 型牙槽骨在上颌侧切牙（82.2%）、下颌中切牙（66.2%）和下颌侧切牙（87.9%）中较为常见。3 型和 4 型牙槽骨的发生率为 0.0%至 9.4%。上颌中切牙牙槽嵴处（7.77±0.58mm）和根尖区（9.05±1.86mm）最宽的是 1 型，而 3 型根尖区最窄（4.08±0.51mm）。上颌中切牙中，1 型的发生率随年龄增长而降低。在上颌和下颌所有切牙部位，男性牙槽骨宽度均显著大于女性。在上颌侧切牙和下颌切牙部位，三种磨牙关系的牙槽骨类型发生率差异有统计学意义。
建议采用 4 型分类系统对切牙区牙槽形态进行分类。牙槽骨类型的识别可能有助于相应的治疗。
