More Simon, Bampidis Vasileios, Benford Diane, Bragard Claude, Halldorsson Thorhallur, Hernández-Jerez Antonio, Bennekou Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis Kostas, Machera Kyriaki, Naegeli Hanspeter, Nielsen Søren Saxmose, Schlatter Josef, Schrenk Dieter, Silano Vittorio, Turck Dominique, Younes Maged, Arnold Gerard, Dorne Jean-Lou, Maggiore Angelo, Pagani Stephen, Szentes Csaba, Terry Simon, Tosi Simone, Vrbos Domagoj, Zamariola Giorgia, Rortais Agnes
EFSA J. 2021 May 20;19(5):e06607. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6607. eCollection 2021 May.
The European Parliament requested EFSA to develop a holistic risk assessment of multiple stressors in honey bees. To this end, a systems-based approach that is composed of two core components: a monitoring system and a modelling system are put forward with honey bees taken as a showcase. Key developments in the current scientific opinion (including systematic data collection from sentinel beehives and an agent-based simulation) have the potential to substantially contribute to future development of environmental risk assessments of multiple stressors at larger spatial and temporal scales. For the monitoring, sentinel hives would be placed across representative climatic zones and landscapes in the EU and connected to a platform for data storage and analysis. Data on bee health status, chemical residues and the immediate or broader landscape around the hives would be collected in a harmonised and standardised manner, and would be used to inform stakeholders, and the modelling system, ApisRAM, which simulates as accurately as possible a honey bee colony. ApisRAM would be calibrated and continuously updated with incoming monitoring data and emerging scientific knowledge from research. It will be a supportive tool for beekeeping, farming, research, risk assessment and risk management, and it will benefit the wider society. A societal outlook on the proposed approach is included and this was conducted with targeted social science research with 64 beekeepers from eight EU Member States and with members of the EU Bee Partnership. Gaps and opportunities are identified to further implement the approach. Conclusions and recommendations are made on a way forward, both for the application of the approach and its use in a broader context.
欧洲议会要求欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）对蜜蜂面临的多种压力源进行全面风险评估。为此，提出了一种基于系统的方法，该方法由两个核心部分组成：一个监测系统和一个建模系统，并以蜜蜂为范例。当前科学意见中的关键进展（包括从哨兵蜂箱进行系统的数据收集和基于主体的模拟）有可能在更大的空间和时间尺度上为未来多种压力源的环境风险评估的发展做出重大贡献。对于监测而言，将在欧盟具有代表性的气候区和景观中放置哨兵蜂箱，并将其连接到一个数据存储和分析平台。将以统一和标准化的方式收集有关蜜蜂健康状况、化学残留物以及蜂箱周围直接或更广泛景观的数据，并将这些数据提供给利益相关者以及建模系统ApisRAM，该系统尽可能准确地模拟蜜蜂群落。ApisRAM将根据传入的监测数据和新出现的研究科学知识进行校准并不断更新。它将成为养蜂、农业、研究、风险评估和风险管理的辅助工具，并将造福更广泛的社会。文中还纳入了对所提议方法的社会视角，这是通过对来自八个欧盟成员国的64名养蜂人和欧盟蜜蜂伙伴关系成员进行有针对性的社会科学研究得出的。确定了进一步实施该方法的差距和机遇。针对该方法的应用及其在更广泛背景下的使用，提出了前进方向的结论和建议。
