Borges Shannon, Alkassab Abdulrahim T, Collison Elizabeth, Hinarejos Silvia, Jones Ben, McVey Emily, Roessink Ivo, Steeger Thomas, Sultan Maryam, Wassenberg Jacoba
Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany.
Apidologie. 2021;52:1256-1277. doi: 10.1007/s13592-021-00900-7.
Currently, there is a growing interest in developing biopesticides and increasing their share in the plant protection market as sustainable tools in integrated pest management (IPM). Therefore, it is important that regulatory requirements are consistent and thorough in consideration of biopesticides' unique properties. While microbial pesticides generally have a lower risk profile, they present special challenges in non-target organism testing and risk assessment since, in contrast to chemical pesticides, their modes of action include infectivity and pathogenicity rather than toxicity alone. For this reason, non-target organism testing guidelines designed for conventional chemical pesticides are not necessarily directly applicable to microbial pesticides. Many stakeholders have recognised the need for improvements in the guidance available for testing microbial pesticides with honey bees, particularly given the increasing interest in development and registration of microbial pesticides and concerns over risks to pollinators. This paper provides an overview of the challenges with testing and assessment of the effects of microbial pesticides on honey bees (), which have served as a surrogate for both and non- bees, and provides a foundation toward developing improved testing methods.
目前，作为综合虫害管理（IPM）中的可持续工具，开发生物农药并提高其在植物保护市场中的份额正受到越来越多的关注。因此，考虑到生物农药的独特性质，监管要求保持一致且全面至关重要。虽然微生物农药总体风险较低，但与化学农药相比，它们在非靶标生物测试和风险评估中存在特殊挑战，因为其作用方式包括感染性和致病性，而非仅仅是毒性。因此，为传统化学农药设计的非靶标生物测试指南不一定直接适用于微生物农药。许多利益相关者已经认识到，需要改进用于测试微生物农药对蜜蜂影响的指南，特别是考虑到对微生物农药开发和注册的兴趣日益增加以及对传粉者风险的担忧。本文概述了测试和评估微生物农药对蜜蜂（已被用作靶标和非靶标蜜蜂的替代物）影响时所面临的挑战，并为开发改进的测试方法奠定了基础。
