Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Mar 12;8(10):2002178. doi: 10.1002/advs.202002178. eCollection 2021 May.
As a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality combining low-intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizers, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is promising for clinical translation due to its high tissue-penetrating capability to treat deeper lesions intractable by photodynamic therapy (PDT), which suffers from the major limitation of low tissue penetration depth of light. The effectiveness and feasibility of SDT are regarded to rely on not only the development of stable and flexible SDT apparatus, but also the screening of sonosensitizers with good specificity and safety. To give an outlook of the development of SDT equipment, the key technologies are discussed according to five aspects including ultrasonic dose settings, sonosensitizer screening, tumor positioning, temperature monitoring, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. In addition, some state-of-the-art SDT multifunctional equipment integrating diagnosis and treatment for accurate SDT are introduced. Further, an overview of the development of sonosensitizers is provided from small molecular sensitizers to nano/microenhanced sensitizers. Several types of nanomaterial-augmented SDT are in discussion, including porphyrin-based nanomaterials, porphyrin-like nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, and organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with different strategies to improve SDT therapeutic efficacy. There is no doubt that the rapid development and clinical translation of sonodynamic therapy will be promoted by advanced equipment, smart nanomaterial-based sonosensitizer, and multidisciplinary collaboration.
声动力学疗法（SDT）作为一种结合低强度超声和声敏剂的新型无创治疗方法，由于其具有很强的组织穿透能力，可治疗光动力疗法（PDT）难以治疗的深层病变，因此有望进行临床转化。PDT 主要受到光穿透深度低的限制。SDT 的有效性和可行性不仅取决于稳定灵活的 SDT 设备的开发，还取决于筛选具有良好特异性和安全性的声敏剂。为了展望 SDT 设备的发展，根据超声剂量设置、声敏剂筛选、肿瘤定位、温度监测和活性氧（ROS）检测等五个方面讨论了关键技术。此外，还介绍了一些最先进的 SDT 多功能设备，用于精确的 SDT 治疗和诊断。此外，还从小分子敏化剂到纳米/微米增强敏化剂综述了声敏剂的发展。讨论了几种类型的纳米材料增强 SDT，包括基于卟啉的纳米材料、类卟啉纳米材料、无机纳米材料和有机-无机杂化纳米材料，它们采用不同的策略来提高 SDT 的治疗效果。毫无疑问，先进的设备、智能纳米材料基声敏剂和多学科合作将促进声动力学疗法的快速发展和临床转化。
