Hamad Gamal M, Mohdaly Adel Abdelrazek Abdelazim, El-Nogoumy Baher Ali, Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy, Hassan Sabria A, Zeitoun Ahmed M
Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTACity), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, P.O. 63514, Egypt.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2021 Oct;193(10):3098-3120. doi: 10.1007/s12010-021-03581-1. Epub 2021 May 24.
Seventy-five samples of selected meat products, including luncheon, beef burger, sausage, basterma, and kofta, were collected from Alexandria and New Borg El-Arab cities (Egypt). The samples were subjected to mycological examination as well as for detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) residues. Besides, the study evaluated the effect of aqueous leaf extracts from mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea) and neem (Azadirachta indica), individually and in combination, on the growth of human pathogens Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus producing AFB1, as well as Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger which produce OTA. The obtained results revealed that sausage samples had the highest mould count with a mean value of 13.20×10/g, followed by basterma samples 12.05×10/g, then beef burger 7.39×10/g. In contrast, luncheon and kofta samples had the lowest count with a mean value of 5.51×10/g and 2.82×10/g. The findings revealed the antifungal potential of tested extracts. The total inhibition of A. parasitcus and A. niger growth was observed at 2 mg/mL of the combined extract. Salvia farinacea extract had the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content with a value of 174.1 and 52.6 mg g, respectively. Rutin was the major phenolic component in neem and combined extracts, accounting for 19123 and 8882 μg/g, respectively. Besides, the study investigated detoxification of AFB1 and OTA using combined extract in albino rats. The results confirmed the convenient and safe use of Salvia farinacea and Azadirachta indica extract and their combination as natural antifungal and antioxidant agents. The combined extract could be used as a natural preservative in food processing to control or prevent contamination.
从埃及亚历山大市和新博格艾尔阿拉伯市采集了75份精选肉类产品样本，包括午餐肉、牛肉汉堡、香肠、巴斯马香肠和烤肉丸。对这些样本进行了真菌学检查以及黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）残留检测。此外，该研究评估了鼠尾草（Salvia farinacea）和印楝（Azadirachta indica）的水提叶提取物单独及联合使用对产生AFB1的人类病原体寄生曲霉和黄曲霉，以及产生OTA的赭曲霉和黑曲霉生长的影响。所得结果显示，香肠样本的霉菌计数最高，平均值为13.20×10/g，其次是巴斯马香肠样本12.05×10/g，然后是牛肉汉堡7.39×10/g。相比之下，午餐肉和烤肉丸样本的计数最低，平均值分别为5.51×10/g和2.82×10/g。研究结果揭示了受试提取物的抗真菌潜力。在联合提取物浓度为2mg/mL时，观察到寄生曲霉和黑曲霉的生长被完全抑制。鼠尾草提取物的总酚含量和总黄酮含量最高，分别为174.1mg/g和52.6mg/g。芦丁是印楝提取物和联合提取物中的主要酚类成分，分别占19123μg/g和8882μg/g。此外，该研究还调查了联合提取物对白化大鼠体内AFB1和OTA的解毒作用。结果证实了鼠尾草和印楝提取物及其组合作为天然抗真菌和抗氧化剂使用方便且安全。联合提取物可作为食品加工中的天然防腐剂来控制或预防污染。
